A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about risk factors for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Exposure to radiation
Family history
Another type of cancer
Genetic mutation
The Correct Answer is A
A. Exposure to radiation - Exposure to high levels of radiation is a known risk factor for developing CML. Historical data, such as from atomic bomb survivors, show a higher incidence of leukemia, including CML, among those exposed to radiation.
B. Family history - CML is generally not associated with a significant familial risk. It is more commonly linked to acquired genetic mutations rather than inherited predispositions.
C. Another type of cancer - Having another type of cancer does not directly increase the risk of developing CML. However, treatments for other cancers, like radiation therapy, might increase risk.
D. Genetic mutation - The development of CML is associated with a specific acquired genetic mutation known as the Philadelphia chromosome (translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22), rather than inherited genetic mutations.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The first 2 min - This is too short a period to monitor effectively for transfusion reactions.
B. The final 2 min - Transfusion reactions are more likely to occur at the beginning of the transfusion rather than at the end.
C. The final 15 min - While it’s still important to monitor, reactions are most likely to be detected earlier in the infusion.
D. The first 15 min - Transfusion reactions typically occur within the first 15 minutes of starting the blood transfusion. The nurse should remain with the patient during this critical period to monitor for any signs of a reaction, such as fever, chills, rash, or difficulty breathing.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Obtain a venous duplex ultrasound. These symptoms suggest a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and a venous duplex ultrasound is the standard diagnostic test to confirm the presence of a thrombus in the veins.
B. Obtain impedance plethysmography: This is less commonly used than ultrasound and may not provide as clear a diagnosis.
C. Monitor Homan's sign: Homan's sign is no longer considered reliable or safe for diagnosing DVT due to the risk of dislodging a thrombus.
D. Apply cold therapy to the affected leg: Cold therapy is not appropriate for DVT as it does not treat the underlying issue and could potentially cause vasoconstriction, worsening the condition.
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