A nurse is caring for a client who has a recent diagnosis of a terminal illness. The nurse should identify which of the following as an indication of hopelessness?
The client has a decreased energy level.
The client requests a second opinion.
The client wants to talk about the diagnosis with the nursing staff.
The client makes funeral arrangements.
The Correct Answer is A
A. The client has a decreased energy level. A decreased energy level can be a sign of hopelessness, as the client may feel a lack of motivation or purpose due to the terminal nature of the illness. This can manifest as fatigue, lethargy, or a general disinterest in activities.
B. The client requests a second opinion. Requesting a second opinion is generally a sign that the client is still actively engaged in their care and is seeking more information or alternative options. It indicates hope or a desire for different possibilities rather than hopelessness.
C. The client wants to talk about the diagnosis with the nursing staff. Wanting to talk about the diagnosis with the nursing staff suggests that the client is processing the information and seeking support. Open communication is a positive coping mechanism and not typically an indication of hopelessness.
D. The client makes funeral arrangements. Making funeral arrangements can be a practical and proactive approach to dealing with a terminal diagnosis. While it reflects an acceptance of the situation, it does not necessarily indicate hopelessness. Instead, it can show that the client is taking control of their end-of-life decisions.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Answer: D. Apply support stockings.
Rationale: Support stockings can help reduce ankle edema by promoting venous return and preventing fluid accumulation in the lower extremities. Diuretics, bedrest, and fluid restriction are not recommended for pregnant clients with ankle edema as they can cause dehydration, thromboembolism, and fetal compromise.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Natal Infant Pa Scale PS the Natal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) should not be used because is a pain assessment tool primarily used for preterm and term infants up to 6 weeks of age. It assesses facial expression, cry, breathing patterns, arm movements, and leg movements. While it can be used for some newborns, the PIPP is more suitable for assessing pain in newborns born before 37 weeks of gestation.
Choice B reason:
FACES pain rating scale The FACES pain rating scale should not be used because it is a visual scale that uses facial expressions to assess pain in children who can communicate using pictures of faces displaying different emotions. It is generally used for older children and not appropriate for newborns.
Choice C reason
The Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) is a pain assessment tool should be used because it is specifically designed for assessing pain in preterm and term newborn infants. It is commonly used for newborns who were delivered before 37 weeks of gestation or those who are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment.
Since the newborn in this scenario was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation, the PIPP would be an appropriate pain assessment tool to use. It considers specific physiological and behavioural indicators of pain in newborns and helps healthcare providers evaluate and manage pain in this vulnerable population
Choice D reason:
Visual analog scale (VAS) should not be used because the visual analog scale is a pain assessment tool typically used for older children, adolescents, and adults who can understand and provide a subjective rating of their pain intensity along a linear scale. It involves marking a point on the line corresponding to the level of pain experienced. Since newborns cannot communicate in this way, the VAS is not suitable for their pain assessment.
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