A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for diltiazem. The nurse measures the client's vital signs and notes that the client's apical heart rate is 49/min. The nurse should prepare to administer which of the following medications?

Atropine

Verapamil

Digoxin

Carvedilol

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Atropine:
Atropine is a medication used to increase heart rate. It acts by blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to increased heart rate. It is commonly used to treat bradycardia, which is characterized by a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. In this scenario, with the client's apical heart rate at 49/min, indicating bradycardia, the nurse should prepare to administer atropine to increase the heart rate.

B) Verapamil:
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can decrease heart rate. It is used to treat various cardiac conditions, but it is not appropriate for a client with bradycardia, as it would further lower the heart rate.

C) Digoxin:
Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart failure and certain arrhythmias, but it does not directly increase heart rate. In fact, it can exacerbate bradycardia in some cases.

D) Carvedilol:
Carvedilol is a beta-blocker that can decrease heart rate. It is used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and other cardiovascular conditions, but it is not appropriate for a client with bradycardia, as it would further lower the heart rate.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Dry skin:

Dry skin is not typically associated with respiratory alkalosis. Instead, it may occur in conditions such as dehydration or impaired skin integrity.

B. Diarrhea:

Diarrhea is not typically associated with respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis primarily involves changes in the respiratory system, leading to alterations in blood pH and carbon dioxide levels.

C. Hyperventilation:

Hyperventilation is a characteristic finding in respiratory alkalosis. It is a compensatory mechanism where the client breathes rapidly and deeply to blow off excess carbon dioxide, attempting to restore acid-base balance.

D. Abdominal pain:

Abdominal pain is not typically associated with respiratory alkalosis. While some individuals with respiratory alkalosis may experience symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or tingling sensations, abdominal pain is not a common manifestation of this acid-base imbalance.

A. Expert opinions B. Credible websites C. Qualitative studies D. Systematic review

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Expert opinions: While expert opinions can provide valuable insights, they are considered lower in the hierarchy of evidence. They do not undergo the rigorous testing and peer review that higher levels of evidence, such as systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials, do.

B. Credible websites: Credible websites can be a good source of information, but they are not considered the highest level of evidence. The information on websites can vary greatly in quality and may not be peer-reviewed.

C. Qualitative studies: Qualitative studies can provide in-depth information about specific topics, but they are not considered the highest level of evidence. They often involve smaller sample sizes and do not provide the same level of quantitative data as systematic reviews or randomized controlled trials.

D. Systematic review: This is correct. Systematic reviews are considered the highest level of evidence in the hierarchy. They involve a comprehensive search of multiple databases to identify all relevant studies on a particular topic, followed by a rigorous assessment of the quality of each study. The results are then synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for diltiazem. The nurse measures the client's vital signs and notes that the client's apical heart rate is 49/min. The nurse should prepare to administer which of the following medications?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

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