A nurse is collecting data on a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of hyperkalemia?

Wheezing

Decreased deep tendon reflexes

Hypoactive bowel sounds

Cerebral edema

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The correct answer is B. Decreased deep tendon reflexes. Hyperkalemia can lead to muscle weakness and decreased reflexes, which is a common manifestation in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Choice A reason:

Wheezing is typically associated with respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), not hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia affects the muscular function and cardiac conduction rather than causing respiratory symptoms.

Choice B reason:

Decreased deep tendon reflexes occur due to the effect of hyperkalemia on the neuromuscular junction and muscle excitability. In hyperkalemia, the resting membrane potential of muscle cells is less negative, which makes them less responsive to stimuli.

Choice C reason:

Hypoactive bowel sounds are generally associated with gastrointestinal issues and are not a direct manifestation of hyperkalemia. While severe hyperkalemia can affect smooth muscle function, it is not typically characterized by changes in bowel sounds.

Choice D reason:

Cerebral edema is not a manifestation of hyperkalemia. It is usually caused by traumatic brain injury, infections, or other neurological conditions. Hyperkalemia primarily affects muscular function and cardiac conduction.

Normal serum potassium levels range from about 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L. Hyperkalemia is defined as serum potassium levels above 5.0 mmol/L.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Spinach is a good source of potassium, but not the best. According to the USDA, one cup of cooked spinach contains 839 mg of potassium, which is about 18% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) for adults².

Choice B reason: Baked potato is the best source of potassium among the choices. According to the USDA, one medium baked potato with skin contains 941 mg of potassium, which is about 20% of the RDI for adults². Potassium is an essential mineral that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve and muscle function, and blood pressure.

Choice C reason: Banana is a popular source of potassium, but not the best. According to the USDA, one medium banana contains 422 mg of potassium, which is about 9% of the RDI for adults².

Choice D reason: Cheese is a poor source of potassium. According to the USDA, one ounce of cheddar cheese contains only 28 mg of potassium, which is less than 1% of the RDI for adults². Cheese is high in sodium, which can counteract the benefits of potassium and increase the risk of hypertension.

A. Respiratory rate 28/min B. Pink mucous membranes C. Heart rate 110/min D. Restlessness

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Respiratory rate 28/min is not a sign of effective oxygen therapy, as it indicates tachypnea, which is a rapid breathing rate. Tachypnea can be caused by hypoxia, anxiety, fever, or pain.

Choice B reason: Pink mucous membranes are a sign of effective oxygen therapy, as they indicate adequate oxygenation of the tissues. Pink mucous membranes are a normal finding, while pale, cyanotic, or jaundiced mucous membranes can indicate hypoxia or other problems.

Choice C reason: Heart rate 110/min is not a sign of effective oxygen therapy, as it indicates tachycardia, which is a rapid heart rate. Tachycardia can be caused by hypoxia, stress, dehydration, or infection.

Choice D reason: Restlessness is not a sign of effective oxygen therapy, as it indicates agitation, anxiety, or discomfort. Restlessness can be caused by hypoxia, pain, or medication side effects.

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A nurse is collecting data on a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of hyperkalemia?

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A nurse is collecting data on a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of hyperkalemia?