A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of dementia. The client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time, and has advance directives. The client is scheduled for a procedure that requires informed consent. Which of the following persons should sign the informed consent?

The client's daughter, who is the primary caregiver

The client

The client's partner

The client's son, who has a durable power of attorney

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The client's daughter, who is the primary caregiver: While the daughter may be involved in the client's care and decision-making process, the client themselves should provide informed consent if they have decision-making capacity. Informed consent cannot be provided by a caregiver unless legally authorized to do so.

B. The client: The client is alert, oriented, and has advance directives. In this scenario, the client possesses decision-making capacity and is capable of providing informed consent for the procedure. As long as the client is competent and able to understand the nature, risks, benefits, and alternatives of the procedure, they are the appropriate person to sign the informed consent document.

C. The client's partner: Unless legally designated as the client's healthcare proxy or legally authorized to provide consent on the client's behalf, the partner should not sign the informed consent document. The client themselves should provide consent if they have decision-making capacity.

D. The client's son, who has a durable power of attorney: While a durable power of attorney grants legal authority to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the client if they lack decision-making capacity, it does not negate the client's ability to provide informed consent if they are competent to do so. If the client is alert, oriented, and capable of understanding the procedure, they should sign the informed consent document themselves.

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Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A) Codeine:
Codeine is an opioid analgesic and is not classified as a nonopioid analgesic.
B) Ibuprofen:
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is considered a nonopioid analgesic. It works by reducing inflammation and pain without producing the same addictive effects as opioids.
C) Fentanyl:
Fentanyl is a potent opioid analgesic and is not classified as a nonopioid analgesic.
D) Oxycodone:
Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic and is not classified as a nonopioid analgesic.
E) Acetaminophen:
Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is a nonopioid analgesic commonly used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever. It is not classified as an opioid and does not produce the same addictive effects.

A. Helping the client select a low-salt diet B. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 Umin C. Encouraging the client to drink 2 to 3 L of water daily D. Maintaining a semi-Fowler's position as often as possible

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Helping the client select a low-salt diet:
This option is not directly related to addressing tenacious bronchial secretions in COPD. While a low-salt diet may be beneficial for managing conditions like hypertension or heart failure, it does not directly influence the viscosity of bronchial secretions.

B. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min:
Oxygen therapy is important for clients with COPD, especially during exacerbations or periods of hypoxemia. However, in this scenario, the client's primary concern is tenacious bronchial secretions, and oxygen therapy alone may not effectively address this issue.

C. Encouraging the client to drink 2 to 3 L of water daily:
This is the correct answer. Increasing fluid intake helps to hydrate the mucous membranes and thin bronchial secretions, making them easier to expectorate. Adequate hydration is essential for optimizing the clearance of secretions in clients with COPD.

D. Maintaining a semi-Fowler's position as often as possible:
While maintaining a semi-Fowler's position can improve respiratory mechanics and reduce dyspnea in clients with COPD, it does not directly address the issue of tenacious bronchial secretions. This position primarily helps in optimizing lung expansion and facilitating easier breathing.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of dementia. The client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time, and has advance directives. The client is scheduled for a procedure that requires informed consent. Which of the following persons should sign the informed consent?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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