A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of dementia. The client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time, and has advance directives. The client is scheduled for a procedure that requires informed consent. Which of the following persons should sign the informed consent?

The client's daughter, who is the primary caregiver

The client

The client's partner

The client's son, who has a durable power of attorney

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The client's daughter, who is the primary caregiver: While the daughter may be involved in the client's care and decision-making process, the client themselves should provide informed consent if they have decision-making capacity. Informed consent cannot be provided by a caregiver unless legally authorized to do so.

B. The client: The client is alert, oriented, and has advance directives. In this scenario, the client possesses decision-making capacity and is capable of providing informed consent for the procedure. As long as the client is competent and able to understand the nature, risks, benefits, and alternatives of the procedure, they are the appropriate person to sign the informed consent document.

C. The client's partner: Unless legally designated as the client's healthcare proxy or legally authorized to provide consent on the client's behalf, the partner should not sign the informed consent document. The client themselves should provide consent if they have decision-making capacity.

D. The client's son, who has a durable power of attorney: While a durable power of attorney grants legal authority to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the client if they lack decision-making capacity, it does not negate the client's ability to provide informed consent if they are competent to do so. If the client is alert, oriented, and capable of understanding the procedure, they should sign the informed consent document themselves.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Socioeconomic:
Stress related to homelessness is categorized as a socioeconomic stressor. Socioeconomic stressors arise from economic or social factors such as poverty, unemployment, housing instability, or lack of access to resources. Homelessness is a significant socioeconomic stressor that can impact various aspects of a person's life, including physical health, mental well-being, and social relationships.

B) Adventitious:
Adventitious stressors refer to unexpected or traumatic events that are outside the individual's control, such as natural disasters, accidents, or crimes. While homelessness can result from various circumstances, it is not typically classified as an adventitious stressor.

C) Cultural:
Cultural stressors pertain to conflicts or challenges related to cultural identity, values, beliefs, or practices. While cultural factors may intersect with the experience of homelessness, the primary stressor in this scenario is socioeconomic rather than cultural.

D) Developmental:
Developmental stressors are related to life transitions or stages of development, such as adolescence, adulthood, or aging. While homelessness can certainly affect individuals at different life stages, the primary stressor in this scenario is the socioeconomic aspect of homelessness rather than a specific developmental stage.

A. Light-headedness when standing up B. Weak quadriceps muscles C. Decreased deep tendon reflexes D. Tingling of extremities

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Light-headedness when standing up:
Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis, cardiac dysrhythmias, and even cardiac arrest. Light-headedness when standing up is more commonly associated with orthostatic hypotension or volume depletion rather than electrolyte imbalances like hyperkalemia.

B. Weak quadriceps muscles:
Weakness in the quadriceps muscles is not typically associated with the electrolyte imbalances presented in the scenario. Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness, but it is not specific to the quadriceps.

C. Decreased deep tendon reflexes:
Decreased deep tendon reflexes are not typically associated with the electrolyte imbalances presented in the scenario. Hyperkalemia can lead to hyperreflexia or absent reflexes, but it is not specific to decreased deep tendon reflexes.

D. Tingling of extremities:
This is the correct answer. Hypocalcemia, indicated by the low calcium level in the scenario, can manifest with symptoms such as tingling or numbness of the extremities, muscle cramps, and tetany. Calcium plays a crucial role in nerve transmission, and low levels can lead to sensory disturbances like tingling in the extremities.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of dementia. The client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time, and has advance directives. The client is scheduled for a procedure that requires informed consent. Which of the following persons should sign the informed consent?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who reports stress related to homelessness. The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following types of stressors?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which assessment finding will the nurse expect for a patient with the following laboratory values: sodium 145 mEq/L, potassium 45 mq, calcium 45 mg/dL?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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