A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department.

Exhibits
For each assessment finding, click to specify if the assessment finding is consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar state (HHS). Each finding may support more than 1 disease process.
Assessment Findings: DKA /HHS

Skin turgor

Urine ketones

Blood pH greater than expected reference range

Blood glucose greater than expected reference range

Creatinine greater than expected reference range

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"},"E":{"answers":"A,B"}}

A)   Slight tenting of the skin indicates dehydration, which is consistent with both DKA and HHS.
B)   The presence of ketones in the urine is a hallmark of DKA, as it indicates the body is using fat for energy due to a lack of insulin.
C)   A pH of 7.30 is lower than the normal range, suggesting acidosis, which is characteristic of DKA.
D)   A blood glucose level of 468 mg/dL is significantly higher than the normal range, which is a common finding in both DKA and HHS.
E)   An elevated creatinine level indicates kidney dysfunction, which can be a result of dehydration seen in both DKA and HHS.

Nursing Test Bank

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A) The client's pain level decreased from 7 to 5 after receiving nitroglycerin. This decrease indicates improvement in the client's condition.
B) The client’s respiratory rate decreased from 24/min to 22/min.
C) The client’s heart rate decreased from 120/min to 100/min.

D) Initially, the client's oxygen saturation was 93% on room air, which decreased to 89%. However, after receiving oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula it improved to 92%.
E) The blood pressure decreased from 176/82 to 110/62.

F) Only one echocardiogram result showing myocardial infarction was provided.

G) Only one reading of I&O was provided showing an output of 32 mL, hence difficult to determine whether there was an improvement.

A. Apply a cold compress to the suprapubic area. B. Secure the urinary catheter to the upper left quadrant of the client's abdomen. C. Use 0.9% sodium chloride to perform an intermittent bladder irrigation. D. Encourage the client to urinate every 2 hr.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) This is not a standard intervention for bladder spasms post-TURP.

B) Securing the urinary catheter to the abdomen does not address the immediate issue of potential catheter blockage.
C) Performing an intermittent bladder irrigation using sodium chloride is appropriate in this case. This is because bladder spasms and a scant amount of fluid in the urinary drainage bag may indicate a blockage in the catheter. Intermittent bladder irrigation can help to remove any clots or debris that may be causing the blockage.
D) Encouraging the client to urinate is not applicable as the client cannot urinate normally due to the surgery.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Exhibits The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings indicates the client's condition has improved? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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