A nurse is caring for a client admitted with meningitis. The student nurse asks, "I know that the client has a lot of edemas in the brain, but what causes it?" Which of the following responses from the nurse best answers the student's question?
"Cerebral edema is caused by osmotic cerebral edema."
"Cerebral edema is caused by whole body inflammation which affects the brain the most."
"Cerebral edema is caused by the by-products of the pathogen that causes the meningitis."
"Cerebral edema is caused by cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area of the brain."
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A Reason:
"Cerebral edema is caused by osmotic cerebral edema.": While osmotic imbalances can contribute to cerebral edema in certain situations, such as in cases of hyponatremia or hypertonic solutions, this response does not specifically address the underlying mechanism of cerebral edema in meningitis.
Choice B Reason:
"Cerebral edema is caused by whole body inflammation which affects the brain the most.": While inflammation plays a role, this statement is too broad. Meningitis specifically involves inflammation of the meninges (protective layers around the brain and spinal cord) rather than whole-body inflammation.
Choice C Reason:
"Cerebral edema is caused by the by-products of the pathogen that causes the meningitis.": This statement is partially correct. In bacterial or viral meningitis, the inflammatory response triggered by the pathogen can lead to cerebral edema. The release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators contributes to cerebral edema.
Choice D Reason:
"Cerebral edema is caused by cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area of the brain.": This response inaccurately describes the mechanism of cerebral edema. Cerebral edema typically occurs due to increased fluid accumulation within the brain tissue rather than the flow of cerebrospinal fluid between compartments.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Falls is correct. Among individuals aged 65 years and older, falls are the most common cause of spinal cord injuries. As people age, they may experience changes in balance, mobility, and bone density, which can increase their risk of falling. Falls can occur both at home and in other environments, such as during outdoor activities or in healthcare settings. Spinal cord injuries resulting from falls in older adults can have significant consequences, including decreased mobility, chronic pain, and loss of independence.
Choice B Reason:
Gunshot wounds is incorrect. Gunshot wounds can cause spinal cord injuries, but they are not the most common cause for individuals aged 65 years and older. Gunshot wounds tend to be more common in younger age groups or in specific contexts such as violence-related incidents, which are less frequent in older adults.
Choice C Reason:
Sporting accidents is incorrect. Sporting accidents can also lead to spinal cord injuries, especially in younger and more active individuals participating in high-impact sports. However, among individuals aged 65 years and older, participation in sporting activities that could result in spinal cord injuries is generally less common compared to younger age groups.
Choice D Reason:
Motor vehicle accidents is incorrect.
Motor vehicle accidents can cause spinal cord injuries, but they are not as common in the elderly population as they are in younger age groups. Older adults may have reduced driving frequency or may be more cautious on the road, which decreases their risk of motor vehicle accidents compared to younger individuals.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
"You must experiment with your body to find out what stimulation is enjoyable after your injury." This statement encourages the client to explore their body and discover what types of sexual stimulation are enjoyable and pleasurable for them post-injury. It promotes self-discovery and empowerment in sexual expression, which can be important for sexual satisfaction and intimacy.
Choice B Reason:
"You will not be able to have an intimate relationship with anyone after a spinal cord injury." This statement is incorrect and defeatist. It can create unnecessary feelings of hopelessness and despair in the client. Individuals with spinal cord injuries can still have intimate relationships and engage in sexual activity with partners, albeit with potential adjustments or accommodations.
Choice C Reason:
"You should not feel undesirable after your injury. You are still nice-looking. “While it's important to address body image concerns and reassure the client about their physical appearance, this statement may not directly address sexual stimulation or intimacy. However, it can help promote self-confidence and positive self-esteem, which are important aspects of sexuality and relationships.
Choice D Reason:
"Clients who have a spinal cord injury are not aroused by touch around the groin area." This statement is inaccurate and dismissive of the individual's potential for sexual arousal and pleasure. Sensation and arousal can vary among individuals with spinal cord injuries, and touch around the groin area may still be arousing for some individuals, depending on the level and extent of injury.
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