Which of the following is the most common risk factor for emphysema?
Smoking tobacco
Between 20 to 30 years of age
Asthma
Pollution
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A Reason:
Smoking tobacco is the primary and most significant risk factor for emphysema. Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemicals and toxins that directly damage the lungs. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke leads to inflammation and destruction of lung tissue, particularly the alveoli, contributing to the development of emphysema.
Choice B Reason:
Between 20 to 30 years of age. While smoking at any age is harmful to lung health, the risk of developing emphysema increases with prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke over many years. Emphysema is typically a disease of middle to older age, with symptoms often appearing after years of smoking.
Choice C Reason:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. While asthma and emphysema are both respiratory diseases, they have distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors. Asthma is not a direct cause of emphysema, although some individuals with poorly controlled asthma may develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema as one of its components.
Choice D Reason:
Pollution is not correct. Environmental pollution, including air pollution from industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and particulate matter, can contribute to respiratory problems and exacerbate pre-existing lung conditions. While exposure to pollution can worsen respiratory symptoms and lung function, it is not the primary cause of emphysema. However, long-term exposure to certain pollutants may increase the risk of developing respiratory diseases, including COPD, which encompasses emphysema.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
"Are you having any feelings of depression?". This statement is appropriate. Migraines can significantly impact mood, and depression is a common comorbidity in individuals with chronic migraines. Inquiring about feelings of depression allows the nurse to assess the client's mental health status and provide appropriate support or referrals if needed.
Choice B Reason:
"Are you experiencing any sensitivity to light?": This statement is inappropriate. This question addresses a physical symptom commonly associated with migraines rather than psychosocial impact.
Choice C Reason:
"Are you feeling any increase in your sexual drive?"Migraines are more likely to decrease sexual drive due to pain and fatigue. This question is not typically relevant to the psychosocial impact of migraines.
Choice D Reason:
"Are you experiencing any episodes of 'panic-type' feelings?" This statement is appropriate. Migraines can sometimes trigger anxiety or panic attacks in affected individuals. Inquiring about panic-type feelings allows the nurse to assess the client's emotional response to migraines and provide interventions or referrals for anxiety management if necessary.
Choice E Reason:
"Are you experiencing more fatigue as compared to before you had migraines?": This statement is appropriate. Fatigue is a common symptom associated with migraines, both during and after an attack. Assessing the client's level of fatigue helps the nurse understand the impact of migraines on the client's energy levels and overall functioning.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
"Antibiotics are seldom prescribed," is not an appropriate response as it does not address the client's concern about the cost of medication and may also be inaccurate depending on the specific diagnosis and treatment plan.
Choice B Reason:
"Maybe you can borrow some money to get the medicine," may not be feasible for the client and can also be perceived as insensitive or dismissive of their financial situation.
Choice C Reason:
"Your health care provider may be able to give you free samples. “offers a compassionate and practical solution to the client's concern about the cost of medication. Many healthcare providers have access to free medication samples provided by pharmaceutical companies, which they can offer to patients who have financial difficulties.
Choice D Reason:
"Where did your money go this month?" is judgmental and inappropriate. It may make the client feel ashamed or defensive about their financial situation, which is not conducive to a therapeutic nurse-client relationship. Additionally, the client's financial decisions are not relevant to their need for medical treatment.
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