A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?

Ridged abdomen

Distended neck veins

Red currant jelly stools

Projectile vomiting

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Rigid abdomen: A rigid abdomen is not a common finding in HPS. However, it is more typical in conditions such as intestinal obstruction.

B. Distended neck veins: Distended neck veins are not a typical manifestation of HPS. They may be associated with other cardiovascular or respiratory issues.

C. Red currant jelly stools: Red currant jelly-like stools are not typically seen in HPS. This description is often used to describe the appearance of stools in intussusception, which is a different gastrointestinal condition.

D. Projectile vomiting.

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition in infants where the muscle at the outlet of the stomach (pylorus) becomes thickened and obstructs the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine. Projectile vomiting is a characteristic symptom of HPS. The vomit is forceful and seems to shoot out of the infant's mouth, typically occurring after feeding.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Introducing new foods every day does not allow sufficient time to monitor for adverse reactions.

B. Waiting 8 to 10 days between introducing new foods is a longer interval than typically recommended. It may unnecessarily delay the introduction of a variety of foods to the infant's diet.

C. 5 to 7 days.

When introducing new foods to an infant, it's important to do so gradually to monitor for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities. Waiting 5 to 7 days between introducing new foods allows for observation of any adverse reactions, such as allergies or digestive issues. This approach helps in identifying the specific food responsible for any adverse reactions and ensures the infant's safety.

D. Waiting 2 to 3 days is too short of an interval to adequately monitor for adverse reactions. Waiting 5 to 7 days provides a better balance between introducing new foods and monitoring for potential issues.

A. Hypernatremia and Diabetes Insipidus B. Hyponatremia and Diabetes insipidus C. Hyponatremia and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) D. Hypernatremia and Syndrome of inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hypernatremia and Diabetes Insipidus.

The symptoms described, including dry mucous membranes, high urinary output, and seizures, are consistent with hypernatremia, which is an elevated level of sodium in the blood, and Diabetes Insipidus (DI).

Diabetes Insipidus is a condition where the body is unable to properly regulate water balance, leading to excessive thirst and urination. In the presence of DI, water loss is excessive, leading to dehydration, increased sodium levels, and potentially seizures.

B. Hyponatremia and Diabetes Insipidus: This option doesn't align with the symptom of hypernatremia (elevated sodium levels) but suggests low sodium levels (hyponatremia), which would have different symptoms.

C. Hyponatremia and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH): This option also suggests low sodium levels (hyponatremia) and a different condition (SIADH) characterized by water retention and dilution of the blood, which is not consistent with the described symptoms.

D. Hypernatremia and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH): This option suggests high sodium levels (hypernatremia) but includes SIADH, which would not result in high urinary output. SIADH is characterized by excessive retention of water, leading to low urinary output and concentrated urine.

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A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?

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New foods should be introduced to the infant at intervals of

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old who is lethargic and irritable after brain tumor surgery. She is noted to have dry mucous membranes and high urinary output. She has had 2 generalized seizures in the past hour. Which of the following is likely causing these symptoms?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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