When assessing an 18-month-old toddler, the nurse would expect the child to be able to:

Demonstrate independent dressing

Use a vocabulary of 300 words

Jump with both feet

Walk upstairs with one handheld

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Demonstrating independent dressing is usually not expected at 18 months. Toddlers are still developing fine motor skills and may need assistance with dressing.

B. Using a vocabulary of 300 words is advanced for an 18-month-old. At this age, most children have a more limited vocabulary, typically around 50 words or so.

C. Jump with both feet.

At 18 months of age, children are usually developing their motor skills, including gross motor skills like walking, running, and jumping. Jumping with both feet is an age-appropriate milestone for a toddler of this age.

D. Walking upstairs with one hand held is typically not expected at 18 months. This is a skill that develops later as toddlers gain more confidence in their mobility and coordination.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Trientine: Trientine is a medication used to treat copper overload in conditions like Wilson's disease. It is not indicated for iron overdose or toxicity.

B. Dimercaprol: Dimercaprol, also known as BAL (British Anti-Lewisite), is a chelating agent used to treat heavy metal poisoning but is not primarily used for iron overload or toxicity.

C. Ferrous gluconate: Ferrous gluconate is an iron supplement used to treat iron-deficiency anemia by providing additional iron to the body. It is not appropriate for treating iron overdose, as it would worsen the situation.

D. Deferoxamine.

Iron overdose, also known as iron toxicity, can lead to serious complications, including cardiac dysrhythmias. Deferoxamine is a chelating agent used to remove excess iron from the body in cases of iron overload or toxicity, such as in patients with conditions like sickle cell anemia who require frequent blood transfusions. It binds to excess iron and helps excrete it from the body, reducing the risk of iron-related complications, including cardiac issues.

A. Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia B. Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion C. Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta bypassing the left side of me heart D. Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia: This option is not the primary reason for dyspnea in PDA. While there is shunting, it doesn't directly cause pulmonary hypoxia.

B. Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion: This option is partially correct but does not address the primary reason for dyspnea, which is the bypassing of the left side of the heart.

C. Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the left side of the heart.

In patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a fetal blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. This allows oxygenated blood from the left atrium to be shunted directly from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, bypassing the normal route through the left side of the heart and into the systemic circulation. The shunting of oxygenated blood back into the pulmonary circulation can lead to increased pulmonary blood flow and circulatory congestion, causing symptoms such as dyspnea.

D. Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia: PDA primarily affects the pulmonary circulation and left side of the heart, not the coronary arteries. Myocardial hypoxia is not the primary mechanism of dyspnea in PDA.

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When assessing an 18-month-old toddler, the nurse would expect the child to be able to:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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