A nurse is attending to a client experiencing acute anxiety.
Which of the following actions should the nurse undertake? (Select all that apply.)

Establish rapport with the client.

Avoid making eye contact when addressing the client.

Speak to the client using a high-pitched voice.

Validate the client’s feelings and identify the cause of the anxiety.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

Choice A rationale:

Establishing rapport with the client is essential when caring for someone experiencing acute anxiety. It creates a foundation of trust and understanding, which can help the client feel more comfortable and willing to engage in therapeutic interventions. Here's a detailed explanation of why rapport is crucial in this context:

Reduces Anxiety: A strong rapport can help to reduce the client's anxiety by fostering a sense of safety and security. When a client feels understood and supported, it can help to calm their nervous system and decrease the intensity of their anxiety symptoms.

Increases Communication: Effective communication is essential for identifying the cause of anxiety and developing appropriate interventions. When a nurse has a good rapport with a client, the client is more likely to be open and honest about their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. This can lead to a more accurate assessment and a more effective treatment plan.

Improves Cooperation: Clients who have a good rapport with their nurse are more likely to cooperate with treatment recommendations. This is because they trust the nurse's expertise and feel confident that the nurse has their best interests in mind.

Enhances Coping: A strong therapeutic relationship can help to improve the client's coping skills. The nurse can provide support, encouragement, and guidance as the client learns to manage their anxiety.

Techniques for establishing rapport:

Active listening: Pay close attention to the client's verbal and nonverbal communication, demonstrating that you are genuinely interested in what they have to say.

Empathy: Show understanding and compassion for the client's experiences and feelings.

Respect: Treat the client with dignity and respect, acknowledging their autonomy and choices.

Genuineness: Be authentic and honest in your interactions with the client.

Trustworthiness: Demonstrate that you are reliable and dependable, and that you will maintain confidentiality.

Cultural sensitivity: Be aware of and respect the client's cultural background and beliefs.

Choice B rationale:

Avoiding eye contact can convey disinterest, disrespect, or dishonesty, which can further heighten anxiety. Maintaining appropriate eye contact demonstrates attentiveness, empathy, and understanding, which can help to build trust and rapport.

Choice C rationale:

Speaking in a high-pitched voice can be perceived as agitated or tense, which can exacerbate the client's anxiety. It's essential to speak in a calm, soothing, and reassuring tone to promote relaxation and a sense of safety.

Choice D rationale:

Validating the client's feelings and identifying the cause of anxiety are crucial steps in effective anxiety management.

Validation helps the client feel understood and accepted, while identifying the cause can guide the development of appropriate interventions to address the underlying triggers.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Medication compliance is crucial in the management of BPD because:

Instability and Impulsivity: Individuals with BPD often struggle with impulsivity and unstable moods, which can lead to inconsistent medication adherence. They may forget to take their medications, take them at the wrong times, or stop taking them altogether when they feel better or worse. This can disrupt the therapeutic effects of the medications and increase the risk of relapse or worsening symptoms.

Multiple Medications: BPD is often treated with a combination of medications, such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. Each medication has its own unique dosing schedule, side effects, and potential for interactions. Monitoring compliance ensures that the client is taking all medications as prescribed, reducing the risk of adverse events and optimizing treatment outcomes.

Mental Health Stigma: Unfortunately, mental health stigma can contribute to medication noncompliance. Individuals with BPD may feel ashamed or embarrassed about their diagnosis, leading them to hide their medication use or avoid taking medications altogether. By openly discussing medication compliance and addressing any concerns, nurses can help reduce stigma and promote adherence.

Therapeutic Relationship: A strong therapeutic relationship between the nurse and client is essential for promoting medication compliance in BPD. Nurses can foster trust and open communication by:

Actively listening to the client's concerns about medications.

Providing clear and concise education about the purpose and benefits of medications.

Collaborating with the client to develop a medication regimen that fits their lifestyle and preferences.

Regularly assessing medication adherence and addressing any barriers to compliance.

Offering support and encouragement to the client throughout the treatment process.

A. I am aware that each problem has only one solution. B. I am a prophet of the most high judge. C. The voices tell me that I must avoid large crowds. D. I know that you are trying to poison me and you can’t convince me otherwise.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Concrete thinking is a cognitive distortion characterized by a rigid and literal interpretation of events and experiences. Individuals with concrete thinking often struggle to grasp abstract concepts, metaphors, or multiple perspectives. They tend to view situations in black-and-white terms, with little room for nuance or ambiguity.

Statement A, "I am aware that each problem has only one solution," exemplifies concrete thinking in several ways:

Absolute language: The use of the phrase "each problem has only one solution" suggests a fixed and inflexible mindset. It implies that there is only one correct way to approach any given problem, disregarding the possibility of alternative solutions or perspectives.

Oversimplification: The statement reduces the complexity of problem-solving to a single, definitive answer. It fails to acknowledge the multifaceted nature of most problems, which often require creative thinking, flexibility, and consideration of multiple factors.

Lack of abstract

Intolerance of ambiguity: Concrete thinkers often experience discomfort with uncertainty or open-ended situations. They prefer clear-cut answers and definitive conclusions, which can lead to frustration and anxiety when faced with complex or ambiguous problems.

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A nurse is attending to a client experiencing acute anxiety.
Which of the following actions should the nurse undertake? (Select all that apply.)