A nurse is assisting with the care of a client.
The nurse is reinforcing teaching for the client and their family about potential adverse effects of the client's prescribed medications.
For each potential adverse effect, click to specify if the effect is. consistent with agranulocytosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or. serotonin syndrome.
Each finding may support more than 1 disease process.
Sore throat
Disorientation
Blood pressure changes
Tachycardia
High fever
Agranulocytosis
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B,C"},"C":{"answers":"B,C"},"D":{"answers":"B,C"},"E":{"answers":"B,C"},"F":{"answers":"A"}}
Condition |
Definition |
Causes |
Symptoms |
Treatment |
Agranulocytosis |
A severe and potentially life-threatening reduction in the number of white blood cells (neutrophils) that fight infection. |
Can be caused by some antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine. |
Sore throat, fever, chills, mouth ulcers, infections, bleeding, and fatigue. |
Discontinuation of the offending medication, antibiotics, antifungals, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injections to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more white blood cells. |
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) |
A rare but serious reaction to antipsychotic medications, especially the older ones, such as haloperidol, fluphenazine, and chlorpromazine. |
Can be triggered by high doses, rapid dose changes, or switching of antipsychotic medications. |
High fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, autonomic instability (blood pressure changes, tachycardia, sweating, etc.), and elevated creatine kinase levels. |
Discontinuation of the offending medication, supportive care, cooling measures, hydration, and medications such as dantrolene, bromocriptine, or amantadine to counteract the effects of dopamine blockade. |
Serotonin Syndrome |
A potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive levels of serotonin in the brain. |
Can be caused by taking too much of a serotonin-enhancing medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or other drugs that affect serotonin levels, such as tramadol, linezolid, or St. John’s wort. Can also be caused by combining two or more serotonin-enhancing medications. |
Agitation, confusion, disorientation, anxiety, hallucinations, muscle spasms, tremors, shivering, hyperreflexia, incoordination, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, blood pressure changes, tachycardia, and hyperthermia. |
Discontinuation of the offending medication(s), supportive care, hydration, and medications such as benzodiazepines, cyproheptadine, or serotonin antagonists to reduce serotonin levels. |
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is Choice D.
Choice A rationale: Documenting the event in the client’s progress notes is not the most appropriate action in this situation. The client’s progress notes should contain information about the client’s health status and care, not about staff behavior. Furthermore, documenting this incident in the client’s notes could potentially violate the client’s privacy if the notes are accessed by individuals who do not need to know about the incident.
Choice B rationale: Submitting an incident report to the risk manager is not the most appropriate action in this situation. Incident reports are typically used for events that have caused or have the potential to cause harm to a client, such as medication errors or falls. In this case, while the APs’ behavior is inappropriate, it has not caused harm to the client.
Choice C rationale: Informing the client of the APs’ actions is not the most appropriate action in this situation. Doing so could unnecessarily worry or upset the client. The nurse’s role is to advocate for the client and protect their privacy and dignity, which includes not sharing information about inappropriate staff behavior with the client.
Choice D rationale: Telling the APs to stop the conversation is the most appropriate action in this situation. The nurse has a professional responsibility to address inappropriate behavior by other healthcare team members. Discussing a client in a public area, such as the nurses’ station, is a breach of client confidentiality. The nurse should remind the APs of the importance of maintaining client confidentiality and direct them to stop the conversation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is: B. Secure the tubing with adhesive tape to the lower abdomen.
Choice A rationale: Instructing the client to hold the drainage bag at waist height when ambulating is incorrect because the drainage bag should always be kept below the level of the bladder to prevent urine reflux, which can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Choice B rationale: Securing the tubing with adhesive tape to the lower abdomen is correct as it helps to prevent accidental pulling or tugging on the catheter, maintaining its position and reducing the risk of dislodgement.
Choice C rationale: Collecting a sterile specimen from the urinary drainage bag is incorrect. Specimens should be collected from the sampling port, not directly from the drainage bag, to ensure sterility.
Choice D rationale: Coiling the tubing on the bed above the collection bag is incorrect as it can cause urine to flow back into the bladder, increasing the risk of infection.
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