A nurse is assisting with the care of a client.

Exhibits

A nurse in a provider's office is assisting with the review of fall risk data collected on a client. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for a fall? Select all that apply.

A. Glaucoma typically affects peripheral vision first and may lead to tunnel vision as the disease progresses. While it can cause significant vision loss, it is not primarily characterized by a decrease in central vision.
B. Macular degeneration specifically affects the central part of the retina (the macula), leading to a loss of central vision while peripheral vision remains intact. It is the most common cause of vision loss in older adults and directly correlates with the symptom described.
C. Diabetic retinopathy primarily affects the blood vessels in the retina and can lead to various vision problems, including blurred vision, floaters, and even blindness. However, it does not exclusively cause a decrease in central vision; it often affects both central and peripheral vision.
D. Cataracts typically cause cloudy or blurred vision but do not specifically lead to a decrease in central vision alone. They may affect overall vision clarity, including both central and peripheral vision, but the primary symptom is a general haziness rather than a focused loss of central vision.

A. This approach can be frustrating for the client and may undermine their confidence and autonomy. It can also prevent the client from expressing themselves fully. Therefore, this is not an appropriate action.
B. Visual aids can enhance understanding and facilitate communication, especially for clients with speech impairments. Avoiding them would limit effective communication.
C. Providing extra time allows the client to process their thoughts and express themselves at their own pace. It shows respect for their communication needs and fosters a more supportive environment.
D. While open-ended questions encourage more detailed responses, they may be challenging for someone with impaired speech. Instead, closed-ended questions or offering choices can be more effective. Open-ended questions could lead to frustration if the client struggles to articulate their responses.