A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about categories of nurse sensitive quality indicators. The nurse should instruct the class that which of the following is included in the outcome category?
Use of restraints
Client admissions
Hospital readmissions
Staffing
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Use of restraints is not included in the outcome category, but in the process category. The process category measures the nursing interventions and activities that affect the client's health outcomes. Use of restraints is a nursing intervention that can have negative effects on the client's physical and psychological wellbeing, such as injuries, infections, agitation, and depression.
Choice B reason: Client admissions is not included in the outcome category, but in the structure category. The structure category measures the characteristics and resources of the health care setting that affect the quality of care. Client admissions is a characteristic that reflects the volume and complexity of the client population and the demand for nursing services.
Choice C reason: Hospital readmissions is included in the outcome category. The outcome category measures the results and consequences of the nursing care provided to the clients. Hospital readmissions is a result that indicates the effectiveness and continuity of the nursing care. A high rate of hospital readmissions can suggest poor quality of care, inadequate discharge planning, or lack of follow-up care.
Choice D reason: Staffing is not included in the outcome category, but in the structure category. The structure category measures the characteristics and resources of the health care setting that affect the quality of care. Staffing is a resource that reflects the quantity and quality of the nursing staff, such as the number, education, experience, and skill mix of the nurses.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Outside client's room is not an appropriate area to provide report to the oncoming nurse. This area may not be private or quiet enough to ensure confidentiality and accuracy of the information. The nurse may also miss important cues or changes in the client's condition or environment.
Choice B reason: Conference area is not an appropriate area to provide report to the oncoming nurse. This area may be too far from the client's room or the nursing station, which can delay the response time or the continuity of care. The nurse may also lose the opportunity to interact with the client and the family, and to verify the data with the physical assessment.
Choice C reason: Nurse's lounge is not an appropriate area to provide report to the oncoming nurse. This area may be too informal or distracting to maintain the professionalism and focus of the report. The nurse may also violate the privacy and dignity of the client and the family by discussing their personal or medical information in a public place.
Choice D reason: Client's bedside is an appropriate area to provide report to the oncoming nurse. This area allows the nurse to involve the client and the family in the report, which can enhance their satisfaction, safety, and education. The nurse can also observe the client's condition and behavior, and perform the physical assessment and the medication reconciliation with the oncoming nurse.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: The use of social media is included in the COE. According to the ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses, nurses should use social media responsibly and ethically, respecting the privacy and confidentiality of patients, colleagues, and employers. Nurses should also avoid posting any information that could harm the reputation of the profession or the health care organization.
Choice B reason: Student nurses are held accountable to the COE. According to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, student nurses are expected to uphold the same ethical standards as registered nurses, as they are members of the profession and the public trust. Student nurses should also adhere to the academic policies and regulations of their educational institutions.
Choice C reason: Criteria for obtaining licensure is not included in the COE. The COE is not a legal document, but a guide for ethical nursing practice and decision-making. Criteria for obtaining licensure is determined by the regulatory bodies of each country or state, and may vary depending on the level and scope of practice.
Choice D reason: Professional expectations are included in the COE. The COE defines and guides the ethical values, responsibilities, and accountabilities of nurses in all settings, roles, and domains of practice. The COE also provides a framework for self-evaluation, peer review, and quality improvement.
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