A nurse is assisting with providing a presentation to a group of nurses on lifelong learning in nursing. Which of the following resources should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: Preventing opioid use is not a benefit of de-escalation techniques. Opioid use is a complex issue that involves biological, psychological, and social factors, and cannot be prevented by simply deescalating emotional situations. De-escalation techniques may help to calm or soothe someone who is experiencing pain or distress, but they do not address the underlying causes or consequences of opioid use.

Choice B reason: Increasing communication is not a benefit of de-escalation techniques, but a means or a strategy to achieve de-escalation. Communication is an essential skill that helps to deescalate emotional situations by listening, validating, empathizing, and problem solving with the other person. Communication can also help to prevent or reduce conflicts, misunderstandings, and aggression. However, communication is not an outcome or a result of de-escalation, but a process or a tool to facilitate de-escalation.

Choice C reason: Decreasing hallucinations is not a benefit of de-escalation techniques. Hallucinations are perceptual disturbances that involve seeing, hearing, feeling, smelling, or tasting things that are not there. Hallucinations can be caused by various factors, such as mental disorders, neurological conditions, substance use, or medication side effects. De-escalation techniques may help to manage or cope with hallucinations, but they do not treat or eliminate them.

Choice D reason: Reducing restraint use is a benefit of de-escalation techniques. Restraint use is a practice that involves restricting the movement or behavior of a person who poses a risk of harm to themselves or others. Restraint use can have negative effects on the physical and psychological wellbeing of the person, such as injuries, infections, agitation, and trauma. De-escalation techniques can help to avoid or minimize the need for restraint use by resolving or calming emotional situations in a safe and respectful manner.

Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because an interprofessional team does not necessarily decrease the number of visits to client by staff. In fact, an interprofessional team may increase the frequency and quality of communication and interaction between the client and the staff, as each member of the team contributes their expertise and perspective to the client's care. This can enhance the client's satisfaction, engagement, and education.

Choice B reason: This statement is correct because an interprofessional team can improve the efficiency in client care services. An interprofessional team can coordinate and integrate the care delivery across different disciplines, settings, and levels of care, reducing the duplication, fragmentation, or gaps in the services. This can also lower the costs and risks of care, and improve the outcomes and quality of care.

Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect because an interprofessional team does not increase the length of stay for client. On the contrary, an interprofessional team can reduce the length of stay for client by providing timely, appropriate, and effective care that meets the client's needs and goals. This can also prevent the readmission or complication of the client, and facilitate the transition and discharge of the client.

Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect because an interprofessional team does not decrease the number of referrals needed for client. Rather, an interprofessional team can enhance the referral process by ensuring that the client receives the right service from the right provider at the right time. An interprofessional team can also collaborate and communicate with the referral sources, and follow up on the client's progress and response to the service.