A nurse is obtaining a health history from a client. Which of the following factors places the client at risk for cardiovascular disease?

Metabolic syndrome

Family history of alcohol use disorder

Hypotension

Participation in competitive sports

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Metabolic syndrome:

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. These conditions include elevated blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

B. Family history of alcohol use disorder:

While a family history of alcohol use disorder may contribute to various health issues, it is not a direct risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, excessive alcohol consumption itself can contribute to cardiovascular problems.

C. Hypotension:

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is generally not considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In fact, low blood pressure is often associated with a reduced risk of certain cardiovascular events.

D. Participation in competitive sports:

Participation in competitive sports, in general, is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In fact, regular physical activity is often recommended for cardiovascular health. However, the specific type and intensity of sports activities, as w

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Eyelashes that curl slightly outward:

This is the correct answer. The direction and curl of eyelashes vary among individuals, but eyelashes that curl slightly outward are a normal and expected finding. This characteristic does not typically indicate any pathology or abnormality.

B. Eyelids that blink involuntarily 30 to 35 times per minute:

The normal range for involuntary blinking is approximately 15 to 20 times per minute. A rate of 30 to 35 blinks per minute may suggest increased nervousness or anxiety and is not within the expected normal range.

C. Corneas with an opaque appearance:

Normal corneas should have a clear and transparent appearance. Opacity of the cornea can be indicative of various eye conditions, such as corneal edema or scarring, and is not an expected finding in a healthy eye.

D. Pupils that are 8 to 9 mm in diameter:

The normal range for pupil size is approximately 2 to 6 mm in diameter. Pupils that are 8 to 9 mm in diameter may indicate abnormal dilation (mydriasis) and can be associated with conditions such as drug toxicity or neurological issues.

A. Administer the PN and fat emulsion separately. B. Prepare the client for a central venous line. C. Change the PN infusion bag every 48 hr. D. Obtain a random blood glucose daily.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administer the PN and fat emulsion separately:

Administering the PN and fat emulsion separately is not a typical practice. Usually, PN formulations are prepared to include both macronutrients (carbohydrates and fat) in a single bag to provide a balanced nutritional profile. Administering them separately might lead to inconsistencies in the client's nutritional intake.

B. Prepare the client for a central venous line:

This is the correct action. Parenteral nutrition (PN) with a high concentration of dextrose (20%) and fat emulsions can be hypertonic and irritating to peripheral veins. Therefore, a central venous line is often recommended for the administration of such solutions. Preparing the client for a central venous line helps ensure the safe and effective delivery of PN.

C. Change the PN infusion bag every 48 hr:

The frequency of changing the PN infusion bag is not solely determined by time but rather by factors such as the stability of the solution, risk of contamination, and compatibility of the components. The specific recommendation for changing the PN bag should be based on institutional policies and the characteristics of the PN solution being used.

D. Obtain a random blood glucose daily:

While monitoring blood glucose is important in clients receiving PN, obtaining a random blood glucose daily is not specific enough for managing the potential hyperglycemic effects of a 20% dextrose solution. Continuous glucose monitoring or more frequent and scheduled blood glucose checks may be necessary.

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A nurse is obtaining a health history from a client. Which of the following factors places the client at risk for cardiovascular disease?

Nursing Test Bank

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