A nurse is assisting with preoperative teaching for a client. Which of the following outcomes should the nurse expect?

(A) Increase the heat in the client’s room: Increasing the heat in the client’s room is not typically recommended for a client experiencing dyspnea. Heat can sometimes make breathing more difficult, and it does not address the underlying cause of the dyspnea.

(B) Perform nasotracheal suctioning for the client: Nasotracheal suctioning can be used to clear the airway in certain situations, but it is not typically the first-line treatment for dyspnea in a client at the end of life. It can be uncomfortable and distressing for the client.

(C) Place the head of the client’s bed flat: Placing the head of the bed flat can actually make breathing more difficult for a client experiencing dyspnea. It is generally more helpful to elevate the head of the bed to facilitate easier breathing.

(D) Administer an opioid narcotic to the client: This is the most appropriate answer. Opioid narcotics can help to relieve dyspnea in clients at the end of life by reducing anxiety, decreasing the sensation of breathlessness, and improving the client’s overall comfort level. The use of opioids in this context should be carefully monitored to manage potential side effects.

(A) “Incorporate walking into your daily routine.”: This is the most appropriate instruction for a client with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Regular exercise, such as walking, can help improve circulation, increase the distance a person can walk without pain, and promote overall cardiovascular health. It’s important to start slow and gradually increase the duration and intensity of the exercise as tolerated. The client should be advised to stop and rest if they experience any pain.

(B) “Elevate your legs while in bed.”: While elevating the legs can help reduce swelling in some conditions, it’s not typically recommended for clients with PAD. Elevation can actually decrease arterial blood flow to the legs, which could worsen symptoms.

(c) “Shop for new shoes during the morning hours.”: This instruction is more relevant for clients with conditions that cause foot swelling, such as heart failure or venous insufficiency. In PAD, the size of the feet does not typically change throughout the day.

(D) “Wear knee length stockings.”: Compression stockings are often used to improve venous circulation in conditions like deep vein thrombosis or chronic venous insufficiency. However, they’re not typically recommended for clients with PAD as they can restrict arterial blood flow.