A nurse is caring for a client who has just learned he will need exploratory surgery the next day. As the nurse contributes to the preoperative teaching plan, which of the following actions should she take?

Describe the surgery and what the client will experience postoperatively.

Reinforce information at the client's level of understanding.

Reassure the client that the surgery rarely has any negative outcomes.

Notify the client's family of the plan of care.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Describe the surgery and what the client will experience postoperatively:
While it is essential to provide information about the surgery and the postoperative experience, the primary focus of preoperative teaching is to ensure that the client understands the information provided. This option does not specifically address the client's level of understanding, which is crucial for effective teaching.

B) Reinforce information at the client's level of understanding:
This is the correct choice. When contributing to the preoperative teaching plan, the nurse should ensure that information is provided in a way that the client can comprehend. Reinforcing information at the client's level of understanding enhances communication and ensures that the client is well-informed about the procedure and what to expect.

C) Reassure the client that the surgery rarely has any negative outcomes:
While it is important to provide reassurance and support to the client, it is not appropriate to make promises or provide guarantees about the outcome of the surgery. Surgery, by its nature, carries risks, and it is essential to provide the client with accurate information while maintaining a supportive and empathetic approach.

D) Notify the client's family of the plan of care:
While it is important to involve the client's family in the plan of care, the primary focus of preoperative teaching is on the client. Involving the family in the plan of care is important, but it is not the most immediate action in the context of preoperative teaching.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Open access peer-reviewed articles must be purchased by the user: This is not accurate. Open access articles are freely available to the public and do not require purchase.

B. Editorial opinion articles by journalists can be as relevant as peer-reviewed articles: While editorial opinion articles can provide valuable insights, they are not subjected to the same rigorous review process as peer-reviewed articles. Therefore, they are not considered as reliable or authoritative as peer-reviewed articles.

C. Peer-reviewed articles are not considered scholarly sources of evidence: This is incorrect. Peer-reviewed articles are considered one of the highest levels of scholarly sources of evidence. They have been reviewed and approved by experts in the field before publication.

D. Peer-reviewed articles have been through laborious review by other professionals: This is correct. Peer-reviewed articles undergo a rigorous review process by experts in the field, ensuring the research is of high quality and the findings are valid.

A. Moist mucous membranes B. Irregular respirations C. Tachycardia D. Hypertension

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Moist mucous membranes: Moist mucous membranes are typically a sign of good hydration and are not usually associated with end-of-life stages. In fact, patients nearing the end of life often experience dryness of the mouth and mucous membranes due to decreased fluid intake and certain medications. This dryness can lead to discomfort and difficulties in swallowing or speaking, which is why oral care is an important part of end-of-life care.

B. Irregular respirations: This is correct. As the body’s systems start to shut down in the final stages of life, irregular respirations, including periods of rapid breathing and pauses (Cheyne-Stokes respirations), can be a common symptom. This happens because the body can no longer effectively remove carbon dioxide, and the automatic process of breathing becomes less coordinated. This can be distressing to witness, but it’s usually not uncomfortable for the patient.

C. Tachycardia: While some patients may experience changes in heart rate, tachycardia is not typically a consistent finding in patients at the end of life. As the body weakens, the heart has to work harder to pump blood, which can sometimes lead to a faster heart rate. However, as the end of life approaches, the heart rate often slows down, and blood pressure decreases.

D. Hypertension: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not typically a symptom associated with end-of-life care. In the final stages of life, the body’s systems begin to slow down, and blood pressure often decreases. This is due to a combination of factors, including a slower heart rate and a decrease in the body’s ability to regulate blood pressure. It’s also worth noting that pain, anxiety, and certain medications can temporarily increase blood pressure, even in the end-of-life stages.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has just learned he will need exploratory surgery the next day. As the nurse contributes to the preoperative teaching plan, which of the following actions should she take?

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