A nurse is assisting with a presentation about caring for clients who are receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse should explain that which of the following medications can put clients at risk for hyperkalemia?

Mannitol

Spironolactone

Hydrochlorothiazide

Furosemide

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Mannitol:
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that works by increasing the osmotic pressure in the glomerular filtrate, leading to increased urine output. It is not associated with causing hyperkalemia.

B) Spironolactone:
This is the correct choice. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can put clients at risk for hyperkalemia. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone in the distal tubules of the kidneys, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption and increased potassium retention.

C) Hydrochlorothiazide:
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that promotes the excretion of sodium and water and can lead to potassium depletion (hypokalemia) rather than hyperkalemia.

D) Furosemide:
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle. It can lead to potassium depletion (hypokalemia) rather than hyperkalemia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The ST segment is elevated above the isoelectric line: This is correct. ST-segment elevation is a key ECG finding in acute myocardial infarction. It indicates that a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough blood (ischemia), which can lead to tissue damage or death (infarction).

B. The PR intervals are 0.15 second: While the PR interval is an important part of the ECG, a PR interval of 0.15 second is within the normal range and does not indicate an acute myocardial infarction.

C. The QT interval is equal to the R to R interval: The QT interval represents the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave, encompassing ventricular depolarization and repolarization. While prolonged or shortened QT intervals can be associated with certain cardiac conditions, they are not specific indicators of an acute myocardial infarction.

D. The QRS intervals are 0.08 second: The QRS interval represents ventricular depolarization1. A QRS interval of 0.08 second is within the normal range and does not indicate an acute myocardial infarction.

A. Expert opinions B. Credible websites C. Qualitative studies D. Systematic review

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Expert opinions: While expert opinions can provide valuable insights, they are considered lower in the hierarchy of evidence. They do not undergo the rigorous testing and peer review that higher levels of evidence, such as systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials, do.

B. Credible websites: Credible websites can be a good source of information, but they are not considered the highest level of evidence. The information on websites can vary greatly in quality and may not be peer-reviewed.

C. Qualitative studies: Qualitative studies can provide in-depth information about specific topics, but they are not considered the highest level of evidence. They often involve smaller sample sizes and do not provide the same level of quantitative data as systematic reviews or randomized controlled trials.

D. Systematic review: This is correct. Systematic reviews are considered the highest level of evidence in the hierarchy. They involve a comprehensive search of multiple databases to identify all relevant studies on a particular topic, followed by a rigorous assessment of the quality of each study. The results are then synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence.

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A nurse is assisting with a presentation about caring for clients who are receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse should explain that which of the following medications can put clients at risk for hyperkalemia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who was admitted to the cardiac telemetry unit after he experienced chest pain, dyspnea and diaphoresis. Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) findings is a manifestation of acute myocardial infarction?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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