A nurse is assisting with a presentation about caring for clients who are receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse should explain that which of the following medications can put clients at risk for hyperkalemia?
Mannitol
Spironolactone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide
The Correct Answer is B
A) Mannitol:
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that works by increasing the osmotic pressure in the glomerular filtrate, leading to increased urine output. It is not associated with causing hyperkalemia.
B) Spironolactone:
This is the correct choice. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can put clients at risk for hyperkalemia. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone in the distal tubules of the kidneys, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption and increased potassium retention.
C) Hydrochlorothiazide:
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that promotes the excretion of sodium and water and can lead to potassium depletion (hypokalemia) rather than hyperkalemia.
D) Furosemide:
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle. It can lead to potassium depletion (hypokalemia) rather than hyperkalemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is inadequate removal of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) by the lungs, leading to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and a decrease in pH.
In this case, the pH is low (7.22), and the PaCO2 is elevated (68 mm Hg), indicating respiratory acidosis. The pH is below the normal range, suggesting acidemia.
The other ABG values (PaO2, oxygen saturation, and bicarbonate) are within or close to normal limits, which do not support the diagnosis of metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, or metabolic alkalosis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The ST segment is elevated above the isoelectric line: This is correct. ST-segment elevation is a key ECG finding in acute myocardial infarction. It indicates that a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough blood (ischemia), which can lead to tissue damage or death (infarction).
B. The PR intervals are 0.15 second: While the PR interval is an important part of the ECG, a PR interval of 0.15 second is within the normal range and does not indicate an acute myocardial infarction.
C. The QT interval is equal to the R to R interval: The QT interval represents the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave, encompassing ventricular depolarization and repolarization. While prolonged or shortened QT intervals can be associated with certain cardiac conditions, they are not specific indicators of an acute myocardial infarction.
D. The QRS intervals are 0.08 second: The QRS interval represents ventricular depolarization1. A QRS interval of 0.08 second is within the normal range and does not indicate an acute myocardial infarction.
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