A nurse is collecting data from a newborn who has respiratory distress syndrome and is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following risk factors predisposes the newborn to respiratory difficulties?

Small for gestational age.

Maternal history of asthma.

Ventricular septal defect.

Cesarean birth.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are at risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and respiratory acidosis because they have immature lungs that produce less surfactant, which is needed to keep the alveoli open and prevent atelectasis. SGA newborns also have less glycogen stores, which can lead to hypoglycemia and impaired oxygen delivery to the tissues.

Choice B reason:

Maternal history of asthma is not a risk factor for RDS or respiratory acidosis in the newborn. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that affects the mother, not the fetus. Maternal asthma can cause complications such as preterm labor, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction, but it does not directly affect the fetal lung development or function.

Choice C reason:

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital heart defect that causes a hole in the wall between the ventricles of the heart. This can result in increased pulmonary blood flow and pressure, which can lead to pulmonary edema and heart failure in the newborn. However, VSD does not cause RDS or respiratory acidosis, which are related to lung maturity and surfactant production.

Choice D reason:

Cesarean birth is not a risk factor for RDS or respiratory acidosis in the newborn. Cesarean birth can increase the risk of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), which is caused by delayed absorption of fetal lung fluid. TTN usually resolves within 24 to 48 hours and does not cause a significant acid-base imbalance in the newborn.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Discard unused formula in used bottle after 2 hours. This is correct because bacteria can grow in the formula if it is left at room temperature for too long. The formula that has been in contact with your baby's mouth can also become contaminated with saliva or germs.

Choice B reason:

Never prop a bottle. This is correct because propping a bottle can cause choking, ear infections, tooth decay, and overfeeding. It can also deprive your baby of the cuddling and bonding that they need during feeding time.

Choice C reason:

The formula is available in three forms. This is correct because the formula comes in ready-to-use, concentrated liquid, and powder forms. Each form has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, convenience, and storage.

Choice D reason:

Warm the bottle in the microwave. This is incorrect because microwaving a bottle can create hot spots that can burn your baby's mouth or throat. It can also damage the nutrients in the formula. The safest way to warm a bottle is to place it in a bowl of warm water or run it under warm tap water.

Choice E reason:

Store prepared bottles in the refrigerator. This is correct because refrigerating prepared bottles can prevent bacterial growth and keep the formula fresh. However, you should not keep prepared bottles for more than 24 hours and you should always check the expiration date on the formula container.

A. Slow growth. B. Fatigue. C. Hematoma. D. Pruritus.

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Slow growth is a common symptom of thalassemia, especially in children. It is caused by the reduced production of hemoglobin and red blood cells, which leads to anemia and poor oxygen delivery to the tissues. Slow growth can also affect the development of facial bones and cause deformities.

Choice B reason:

Fatigue is another common symptom of thalassemia, also related to anemia and low oxygen levels in the body. People with thalassemia may feel tired, weak, and short of breath even after mild physical activity. Fatigue can also affect their mood, concentration, and quality of life.

Choice C reason:

Hematoma is not a typical symptom of thalassemia. Hematoma is a collection of blood under the skin or in an organ, usually caused by trauma, injury, or bleeding disorders. People with thalassemia may have a higher risk of bleeding due to low platelet counts or frequent blood transfusions, but this does not necessarily result in hematoma.

Choice D reason:

Pruritus is not a typical symptom of thalassemia. Pruritus is a sensation of itching that can affect any part of the body. It can have many causes, such as dry skin, allergies, infections, or liver problems. People with thalassemia may experience pruritus as a side effect of iron overload or iron chelation therapy, but it is not a direct consequence of the condition.

Choice E reason:

Ecchymoses are not typical symptoms of thalassemia. Ecchymoses are large bruises that appear on the skin due to bleeding under the surface. They can be caused by trauma, injury, or bleeding disorders. People with thalassemia may have a higher risk of bleeding due to low platelet counts or frequent blood transfusions, but this does not necessarily result in ecchymoses.

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A nurse is collecting data from a newborn who has respiratory distress syndrome and is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following risk factors predisposes the newborn to respiratory difficulties?

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

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