A nurse is collecting data from a newborn who has respiratory distress syndrome and is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following risk factors predisposes the newborn to respiratory difficulties?

Small for gestational age.

Maternal history of asthma.

Ventricular septal defect.

Cesarean birth.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are at risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and respiratory acidosis because they have immature lungs that produce less surfactant, which is needed to keep the alveoli open and prevent atelectasis. SGA newborns also have less glycogen stores, which can lead to hypoglycemia and impaired oxygen delivery to the tissues.

Choice B reason:

Maternal history of asthma is not a risk factor for RDS or respiratory acidosis in the newborn. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that affects the mother, not the fetus. Maternal asthma can cause complications such as preterm labor, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction, but it does not directly affect the fetal lung development or function.

Choice C reason:

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital heart defect that causes a hole in the wall between the ventricles of the heart. This can result in increased pulmonary blood flow and pressure, which can lead to pulmonary edema and heart failure in the newborn. However, VSD does not cause RDS or respiratory acidosis, which are related to lung maturity and surfactant production.

Choice D reason:

Cesarean birth is not a risk factor for RDS or respiratory acidosis in the newborn. Cesarean birth can increase the risk of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), which is caused by delayed absorption of fetal lung fluid. TTN usually resolves within 24 to 48 hours and does not cause a significant acid-base imbalance in the newborn.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D","F","H"]

Explanation

Choice A:

Blood pressure is not a priority finding for a newborn with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Blood pressure may be slightly elevated or normal in NAS, but it is not a sign of severe withdrawal or a risk for complications. •

Choice B:

Gastrointestinal disturbances are common and serious symptoms of NAS. They include poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and poor weight gain. These can lead to electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition and failure to thrive. This choice requires immediate follow-up. •

Choice C:

Skin color is not a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. Skin color may be normal or slightly pale in NAS, but it is not a sign of severe withdrawal or risk for complications. •

Choice D:

NAS score is a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. NAS score is a tool used to assess the severity of withdrawal symptoms and the need for pharmacological treatment. A high NAS score indicates that the newborn needs medication to manage the withdrawal and prevent complications such as seizures. This choice requires immediate follow-up. •

Choice E:

Temperature is not a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. The temperature may be slightly elevated or normal in NAS, but it is not a sign of severe withdrawal or risk for complications. •

Choice F:

Oxygen saturation is a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. Oxygen saturation measures the amount of oxygen in the blood. Low oxygen saturation can indicate respiratory distress, which is a common and serious symptom of NAS. Respiratory distress can lead to hypoxia, acidosis, and brain damage. This choice requires immediate follow-up. •

Choice G:

Central nervous system disturbances are common and serious symptoms of NAS. They include tremors, irritability, excessive crying, hyperactivity, increased muscle tone, seizures, and sleep problems. These can indicate severe withdrawal and risk for neurological damage. This choice requires immediate follow-up.

Choice H:

Respiratory rate is a priority finding for a newborn with NAS. The respiratory rate measures the number of breaths per minute. A high respiratory rate can indicate respiratory distress, which is a common and serious symptom of NAS. Respiratory distress can lead to hypoxia, acidosis, and brain damage. This choice requires immediate follow-up.

A. FAS is caused by alcohol, and NAS is caused by opioids. B. FAS and NAS are both incurable. C. FAS is caused by analgesics and NAS is caused by NSAIDs. D. FAS and NAS are both curable.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

FAS is caused by alcohol, and NAS is caused by opioids. This is the correct answer because FAS stands for fetal alcohol syndrome, which is a condition that affects the development of a baby when the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. NAS stands for neonatal abstinence syndrome, which is a group of problems that can happen when a baby is exposed to opioid drugs for a length of time while in their mother's womb.

Choice B reason:

FAS and NAS are both incurable. This is incorrect because FAS and NAS are not diseases, but conditions that result from prenatal exposure to substances. FAS and NAS can cause various physical, mental, and behavioral problems in the baby, some of which may be permanent, but others may be improved with early intervention and treatment.

Choice C reason:

FAS is caused by analgesics and NAS is caused by NSAIDs. This is incorrect because analgesics are painkillers, and NSAIDs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Neither of these types of drugs is known to cause FAS or NAS. However, some analgesics, such as codeine and oxycodone, are opioids and can cause NAS if used by pregnant women.

Choice D reason:

FAS and NAS are both curable. This is incorrect because FAS and NAS are not diseases, but conditions that result from prenatal exposure to substances. FAS and NAS can cause various physical, mental, and behavioral problems in the baby, some of which may be permanent, but others may be improved with early intervention and treatment. However, there is no cure for FAS or NAS.

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A nurse is collecting data from a newborn who has respiratory distress syndrome and is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following risk factors predisposes the newborn to respiratory difficulties?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting in the care of a newborn who is 72 hours old and is receiving treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Exhibits Which of the following data collection findings should the nurse identify as requiring immediate follow-up? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["B","D","F","H"]

Explanation

What is true regarding FAS and NAS?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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