A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select All that Apply.)

Hypertonia

Large ears

Transverse palmar creases

Protruding tongue

Low birth weight

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D

Answer: C, D

A. Hypertonia
Hypertonia, or increased muscle tone, is not a common characteristic of Trisomy 21. In fact, many infants with Down's Syndrome typically exhibit hypotonia, or decreased muscle tone, which can affect their overall strength and development.

B. Large ears
While individuals with Down's Syndrome may have unique ear shapes, "large ears" are not specifically characteristic of Trisomy 21. Instead, the ears may appear small or have a different shape compared to those of typically developing children.

C. Transverse palmar creases
Transverse palmar creases, also known as simian lines, are commonly seen in individuals with Down's Syndrome. This feature is a characteristic finding that can help in identifying the condition during physical assessment.

D. Protruding tongue
A protruding tongue is a common feature in individuals with Down's Syndrome. This occurs due to hypotonia of the oral muscles, which can lead to difficulties in tongue control and positioning.

E. Low birth weight
Low birth weight is not a defining characteristic of Trisomy 21. In fact, newborns with Down's Syndrome can have varying birth weights; they are often average weight or slightly above average, although some may be below average due to other factors related to maternal health or gestational issues.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Umbilical cord compression. This typically results in variable decelerations, not late decelerations.
B. Fetal head compression. This is usually associated with early decelerations.
C. Uteroplacental insufficiency. Late decelerations occur after the peak of contractions and are indicative of insufficient blood flow and oxygen to the fetus, suggesting a problem with the placenta's ability to provide adequate oxygen.
D. Maternal bradycardia. Maternal bradycardia does not cause fetal decelerations.

A. G5 T2 P1 A1 L3 B. G4 T2 P1 A1 L4 C. G5 T1 P2 A1 L4 D. G4 T1 P2 A1 L3

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

G: 4 pregnancies (2017 spontaneous abortion, 2018 twins with one demise, 2020 NSVD, and the current pregnancy)
T: 2 term births (2020 and 2022)
P: 1 preterm birth
A: 1 abortion/miscarriage (2017 spontaneous abortion)
L: 4 living children (twins from 2018 and the child born in 2020)

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A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select All that Apply.)

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