A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select All that Apply.)

Hypertonia

Large ears

Transverse palmar creases

Protruding tongue

Low birth weight

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D

Answer: C, D

A. Hypertonia
Hypertonia, or increased muscle tone, is not a common characteristic of Trisomy 21. In fact, many infants with Down's Syndrome typically exhibit hypotonia, or decreased muscle tone, which can affect their overall strength and development.

B. Large ears
While individuals with Down's Syndrome may have unique ear shapes, "large ears" are not specifically characteristic of Trisomy 21. Instead, the ears may appear small or have a different shape compared to those of typically developing children.

C. Transverse palmar creases
Transverse palmar creases, also known as simian lines, are commonly seen in individuals with Down's Syndrome. This feature is a characteristic finding that can help in identifying the condition during physical assessment.

D. Protruding tongue
A protruding tongue is a common feature in individuals with Down's Syndrome. This occurs due to hypotonia of the oral muscles, which can lead to difficulties in tongue control and positioning.

E. Low birth weight
Low birth weight is not a defining characteristic of Trisomy 21. In fact, newborns with Down's Syndrome can have varying birth weights; they are often average weight or slightly above average, although some may be below average due to other factors related to maternal health or gestational issues.

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Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"C"},"C":{"answers":"C"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"C"},"F":{"answers":"C"}}

Explanation

1st Trimester (Conception-13 weeks)

Fetus has a heartbeat: The fetal heartbeat can typically be detected around 6 weeks gestation using ultrasound, marking the beginning of cardiac development in the first trimester.

2nd Trimester (14-26 weeks)

Gender can be determined: Gender determination through ultrasound is generally possible around the 18-20 week mark in the second trimester when fetal genitalia are more distinguishable.

3rd Trimester (27-40 weeks)

Surfactant production: Surfactant production by the fetal lungs begins in the third trimester, usually around 24-28 weeks, but continues to increase throughout the remainder of pregnancy.
Sucking occurs: Fetal sucking movements start to develop around the 28th week and become more coordinated as the third trimester progresses.
Fetal respiratory movements begin: Fetal respiratory movements, where the fetus practices breathing by moving the diaphragm, begin in the third trimester to prepare for life outside the womb.
Increase in body fat: The fetus begins to accumulate more body fat in the third trimester, which helps with thermoregulation and provides energy reserves for birth and early postnatal life.

Finding	1st Trimester Conception-13 weeks	2nd Trimester 14-26 weeks	3rd Trimester 27-40 weeks

Gender can be determined	☐	☒	☐
Surfactant production	☐	☐	☒
Sucking occurs	☐	☐	☒
Fetus has a heartbeat	☒	☐
Fetal respiratory movements begin	☐	☐	☒
Increase in body fat	☐	☐	☐

A. Review clotting studies lab report B. Notify the healthcare provider C. Document the findings in the electronic health record D. Report parents to Child Protective Services

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Review clotting studies lab report: Not relevant to the assessment finding of a blue-gray discoloration.
B. Notify the healthcare provider: Unnecessary unless there are other concerning clinical findings.
C. Document the findings in the electronic health record: A blue-gray discoloration across the sacrum is likely a Mongolian spot, a benign condition more commonly seen in infants of Asian, African, Native American, and Hispanic descent. Documenting this finding in the electronic health record ensures accurate and comprehensive medical documentation without unnecessary interventions.
D. Report parents to Child Protective Services: Inappropriate as this finding is a benign condition common among certain ethnic groups and not indicative of abuse.

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A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Identify the trimester when each fetal development finding occurs. Note: Each category must have at least 1 response option selected.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"C"},"C":{"answers":"C"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"C"},"F":{"answers":"C"}}

Explanation

When performing an initial assessment on a full-term infant whose parents are Asian, the nurse notes a blue-gray discoloration across the sacrum of the newborn. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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