A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select All that Apply.)

Hypertonia

Large ears

Transverse palmar creases

Protruding tongue

Low birth weight

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D

Answer: C, D

A. Hypertonia
Hypertonia, or increased muscle tone, is not a common characteristic of Trisomy 21. In fact, many infants with Down's Syndrome typically exhibit hypotonia, or decreased muscle tone, which can affect their overall strength and development.

B. Large ears
While individuals with Down's Syndrome may have unique ear shapes, "large ears" are not specifically characteristic of Trisomy 21. Instead, the ears may appear small or have a different shape compared to those of typically developing children.

C. Transverse palmar creases
Transverse palmar creases, also known as simian lines, are commonly seen in individuals with Down's Syndrome. This feature is a characteristic finding that can help in identifying the condition during physical assessment.

D. Protruding tongue
A protruding tongue is a common feature in individuals with Down's Syndrome. This occurs due to hypotonia of the oral muscles, which can lead to difficulties in tongue control and positioning.

E. Low birth weight
Low birth weight is not a defining characteristic of Trisomy 21. In fact, newborns with Down's Syndrome can have varying birth weights; they are often average weight or slightly above average, although some may be below average due to other factors related to maternal health or gestational issues.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Sunken fontanels: Sunken fontanels are typically associated with dehydration rather than abusive head trauma.
B. Retinal haemorrhage: Retinal haemorrhages are a key indicator of abusive head trauma, such as shaken baby syndrome. They are caused by the shearing forces of rapid acceleration and deceleration.
C. Laceration to forearm: While concerning, a laceration to the forearm is not specific to abusive head trauma and could result from various types of trauma.
D. Large bruises on the body: While large bruises might indicate physical abuse, they are not specific to head trauma and do not point as directly to abusive head trauma as retinal haemorrhages do.

A. Ensuring that the client takes care of their ADLS to prevent dependence. B. Ensuring that the client environment is safe to prevent injury. C. Ensuring that the client receives food they like to prevent anxiety. D. Ensuring that the client meets the other patients to prevent social isolation.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Ensuring that the client takes care of their ADLS to prevent dependence: While promoting independence is important, ensuring safety is a higher priority to prevent immediate harm.
B. Ensuring that the client environment is safe to prevent injury: Safety is the top priority for clients with Alzheimer's due to their increased risk of falls, wandering, and other accidents. A safe environment helps prevent injuries.
C. Ensuring that the client receives food they like to prevent anxiety: Although providing familiar and preferred foods can reduce anxiety, it is not as critical as ensuring a safe environment.
D. Ensuring that the client meets the other patients to prevent social isolation: Social interaction is beneficial, but ensuring safety takes precedence to prevent potential harm.

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A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select All that Apply.)

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