A nurse is caring for a client having a biophysical profile. The client asks what the test is for. What should the nurse include in the response? (Select All that Apply.)

1st Trimester (Conception-13 weeks)

• Fetus has a heartbeat: The fetal heartbeat can typically be detected around 6 weeks gestation using ultrasound, marking the beginning of cardiac development in the first trimester.

2nd Trimester (14-26 weeks)

• Gender can be determined: Gender determination through ultrasound is generally possible around the 18-20 week mark in the second trimester when fetal genitalia are more distinguishable.

3rd Trimester (27-40 weeks)

• Surfactant production: Surfactant production by the fetal lungs begins in the third trimester, usually around 24-28 weeks, but continues to increase throughout the remainder of pregnancy.
• Sucking occurs: Fetal sucking movements start to develop around the 28th week and become more coordinated as the third trimester progresses.
• Fetal respiratory movements begin: Fetal respiratory movements, where the fetus practices breathing by moving the diaphragm, begin in the third trimester to prepare for life outside the womb.
• Increase in body fat: The fetus begins to accumulate more body fat in the third trimester, which helps with thermoregulation and provides energy reserves for birth and early postnatal life.

A. Maintain a thermoneutral environment: Helps prevent temperature fluctuations that can stress the heart post-surgery.
B. Accurately measure all intake and output: Ensures fluid balance is carefully monitored to prevent fluid overload or dehydration.
C. Provide for several periods of uninterrupted rest: Reduces metabolic demand, aiding in recovery and healing.
D. Incentive spirometer 10 times every hour: Inappropriate for infants following cardiac surgery, as they are unable to effectively use an incentive spirometer.
E. Encourage periods of bonding: Supports emotional well-being and aids in the infant's overall recovery and development.