A nurse is assessing a client with chronic liver failure who tells the nurse he is experiencing spontaneous episodes of bleeding and has noted increased areas of bruising on his arms. The nurse suspects the client has a deficiency in which of the following vitamins?

Thiamine

Vitamin C

Vitamin K

Folic acid

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Thiamine deficiency is often associated with neurological symptoms, such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, rather than spontaneous bleeding or bruising. Thiamine does not directly impact the coagulation process.
B. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to scurvy, which includes symptoms such as bleeding gums and poor wound healing. However, it is not typically associated with the spontaneous bleeding and bruising seen in chronic liver failure.
C. Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors produced by the liver. In chronic liver failure, the liver's ability to produce these factors is impaired, leading to an increased risk of bleeding and bruising due to vitamin K deficiency.
D. Folic acid deficiency is more commonly linked to anemia and certain neurological issues, but it does not cause spontaneous bleeding or bruising. It does not directly affect coagulation factors as vitamin K does.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Anuria, or the absence of urine output, occurs in later stages of shock when there is significant renal hypoperfusion. It is not an early indicator of shock.
B. Hypotension is a classic sign of shock, but it generally occurs after compensatory mechanisms have failed. It is not the earliest indicator.
C. A decreased level of consciousness occurs later in the progression of shock due to decreased cerebral perfusion. It is not the earliest sign of shock.
D. Increased respiratory rate is often the earliest indicator of shock. As the body attempts to compensate for decreased oxygen delivery and tissue perfusion, the respiratory rate increases to enhance oxygenation and eliminate excess carbon dioxide. This compensatory mechanism is typically one of the first signs that shock is developing.

A. The client's depression most likely occurred prior to the disaster. B. The client is experiencing a common response following a disaster. C. The client is not able to appreciate the fact they survived the disaster. D. The client most likely feels guilty about actions they took during the disaster.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Experiencing depression following a disaster is a common response. Survivors often experience a range of emotional responses, including depression, due to the trauma and loss associated with the event.
A. The depression is more likely related to the traumatic event rather than a pre-existing condition.
C. While survivors may struggle with feelings of guilt or disbelief, the focus should be on understanding the depression as a response to the trauma experienced.
D. Although feelings of guilt may be present, it is more pertinent to address the depression as a common mental health issue following a traumatic event.

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A nurse is assessing a client with chronic liver failure who tells the nurse he is experiencing spontaneous episodes of bleeding and has noted increased areas of bruising on his arms. The nurse suspects the client has a deficiency in which of the following vitamins?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Explanation

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