A nurse is assessing a client who presents to the provider’s office for evaluation of multiple nevi. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider as a possible sign of malignancy?
Intense pruritus
Irregular borders
Uniform pigmentation
Purulent drainage
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
Intense pruritus: While itching (pruritus) can be a symptom of skin conditions, it is not a definitive sign of malignancy in nevi. Pruritus can be associated with benign conditions such as eczema or allergic reactions. However, if a mole starts to itch, it should be monitored closely, but it is not as strong an indicator of malignancy as irregular borders.
Choice B reason:
Irregular borders: This is a significant sign of potential malignancy in nevi. Melanomas often have uneven, notched, or scalloped borders, unlike benign moles, which typically have smooth, even borders. The irregularity in the border is due to the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes, which can spread unevenly.
Choice C reason:
Uniform pigmentation: Uniform pigmentation is generally a sign of a benign mole. Malignant moles often have multiple colors or an uneven distribution of color, which can include shades of brown, black, red, white, or blue. A mole with uniform color is less likely to be malignant.
Choice D reason:
Purulent drainage: While purulent drainage (pus) indicates an infection, it is not a typical sign of malignancy in nevi. Infections can occur in any skin lesion, but they do not specifically indicate cancer. Malignant moles are more likely to change in size, shape, or color rather than produce pus.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["2.0"]
Explanation
To calculate the dosage, follow these steps:
Step 1: Identify the prescribed dose.
The prescribed dose is 25 mg.
Result: 25 mg.
Step 2: Identify the concentration of the medication.
The concentration is 12.5 mg/mL.
Result: 12.5 mg/mL.
Step 3: Calculate the volume to administer.
Volume (mL) = (Prescribed dose in mg) ÷ (Concentration in mg/mL).
Volume (mL) = 25 mg ÷ 12.5 mg/mL.
Volume (mL) = 2 mL.
Result: 2 mL.
So, the nurse should administer 2.0 mL of diphenhydramine elixir per dose.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Induce Sedation
Pancuronium is not used to induce sedation. It is a neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) that causes paralysis of skeletal muscles. Sedation is typically achieved using medications such as benzodiazepines or propofol, which act on the central nervous system to produce a calming effect.
Choice B reason: Suppress Respiratory Effort
Pancuronium is used to suppress respiratory effort in patients with ARDS who require mechanical ventilation. By causing muscle paralysis, pancuronium helps to synchronize the patient’s breathing with the ventilator, reducing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury and improving oxygenation. This is particularly important in severe cases of ARDS where patient-ventilator dyssynchrony can be detrimental.
Choice C reason: Decrease Chest Wall Compliance
Decreasing chest wall compliance is not a purpose of pancuronium. In fact, pancuronium does not directly affect chest wall compliance. Instead, it works by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles, leading to muscle relaxation and paralysis.
Choice D reason: Decrease Respiratory Secretions
Pancuronium does not decrease respiratory secretions. Medications such as anticholinergics (e.g., atropine) are used to reduce secretions. Pancuronium’s primary role is to facilitate mechanical ventilation by ensuring complete muscle relaxation.
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