A nurse is assessing a client who has valvular dysfunction. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse anticipate? (Select All That Apply)

Varicose veins

Heart murmur

Palpitations

Abdominal pain

Chest pain

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,E

A. Varicose veins: Varicose veins are dilated, twisted veins that commonly occur in the legs and are typically associated with venous insufficiency or venous valve dysfunction rather than valvular dysfunction of the heart.

B. Heart murmur: This is the correct answer. Valvular dysfunction can result in abnormal blood flow patterns across the heart valves, leading to turbulent blood flow and the production of audible heart murmurs upon auscultation.

C. Palpitations: Palpitations, or the sensation of rapid, pounding, or irregular heartbeats, can occur with valvular dysfunction, particularly if the dysfunction leads to alterations in heart rhythm or cardiac output.

D. Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain is not typically associated with valvular dysfunction. It may be a symptom of various gastrointestinal or abdominal conditions, but it is not a direct manifestation of valvular heart disease.

E. Chest pain: This is the correct answer. Chest pain can occur with valvular dysfunction, especially if the dysfunction leads to inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle (ischemia), which can cause angina or chest discomfort.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Open-angle glaucoma: Open-angle glaucoma typically presents with increased intraocular pressure and gradual loss of peripheral vision, not with bright flashes of light and dark floating spots.

B. Macular degeneration: Macular degeneration is characterized by central vision loss, not by bright flashes of light and dark floating spots.

C. Meniere’s disease: Meniere’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. It does not typically cause bright flashes of light and dark floating spots in the visual field.

D. Retinal detachment: Trauma, such as being tackled while playing football, can lead to retinal detachment, which can manifest with symptoms such as bright flashes of light (photopsia) and dark floating spots (floaters) in the affected eye. This condition is considered a medical emergency and requires prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent permanent vision loss.

A. The aortic and mitral valves are the most commonly replaced valves. B. Mitral valve insufficiency occurs during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle. C. Inadequate closure of the tricuspid valve causes overload in the left ventricle. D. Aortic stenosis increases right ventricular systolic pressure and decreases afterload.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The aortic and mitral valves are the most commonly replaced valves: This statement is accurate. The aortic and mitral valves are indeed the most commonly replaced valves in cardiac valve replacement surgeries. Aortic valve replacement is commonly performed for conditions such as aortic stenosis or regurgitation, while mitral valve replacement is often indicated for mitral regurgitation or stenosis.

B. Mitral valve insufficiency occurs during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle: This statement is incorrect. Mitral valve insufficiency, also known as mitral regurgitation, occurs during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle. It involves the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular systole, leading to volume overload of the left atrium and potentially causing symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue.

C. Inadequate closure of the tricuspid valve causes overload in the left ventricle: This statement is incorrect. Inadequate closure of the tricuspid valve leads to regurgitation of blood from the right ventricle back into the right atrium during ventricular systole. This condition, known as tricuspid regurgitation, causes volume overload in the right atrium and ventricle, rather than overload in the left ventricle.

D. Aortic stenosis increases right ventricular systolic pressure and decreases afterload: This statement is partially correct. Aortic stenosis indeed increases left ventricular systolic pressure and decreases afterload, not right ventricular pressure. The increased afterload on the left ventricle can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. However, aortic stenosis does not directly affect right ventricular systolic pressure.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has valvular dysfunction. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse anticipate? (Select All That Apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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