A nurse is teaching several newly licensed nurses about cardiac valve replacement. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

The aortic and mitral valves are the most commonly replaced valves.

Mitral valve insufficiency occurs during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle.

Inadequate closure of the tricuspid valve causes overload in the left ventricle.

Aortic stenosis increases right ventricular systolic pressure and decreases afterload.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The aortic and mitral valves are the most commonly replaced valves: This statement is accurate. The aortic and mitral valves are indeed the most commonly replaced valves in cardiac valve replacement surgeries. Aortic valve replacement is commonly performed for conditions such as aortic stenosis or regurgitation, while mitral valve replacement is often indicated for mitral regurgitation or stenosis.

B. Mitral valve insufficiency occurs during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle: This statement is incorrect. Mitral valve insufficiency, also known as mitral regurgitation, occurs during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle. It involves the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular systole, leading to volume overload of the left atrium and potentially causing symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue.

C. Inadequate closure of the tricuspid valve causes overload in the left ventricle: This statement is incorrect. Inadequate closure of the tricuspid valve leads to regurgitation of blood from the right ventricle back into the right atrium during ventricular systole. This condition, known as tricuspid regurgitation, causes volume overload in the right atrium and ventricle, rather than overload in the left ventricle.

D. Aortic stenosis increases right ventricular systolic pressure and decreases afterload: This statement is partially correct. Aortic stenosis indeed increases left ventricular systolic pressure and decreases afterload, not right ventricular pressure. The increased afterload on the left ventricle can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. However, aortic stenosis does not directly affect right ventricular systolic pressure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Pantoprazole: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor commonly used to reduce stomach acid production. It is primarily indicated for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and other conditions related to excessive stomach acid production. It does not play a role in managing Meniere's disease, which is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

B) Warfarin: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clot formation. It is commonly prescribed for conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Meniere's disease does not typically require anticoagulant therapy, so warfarin would not be indicated for its treatment.

C) Furosemide: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that helps reduce fluid retention by increasing urine output. In some cases of Meniere's disease, especially those associated with excessive endolymphatic fluid buildup in the inner ear, furosemide may be prescribed to help reduce fluid volume and alleviate symptoms such as vertigo and pressure sensation in the ear.

D) Oxybutynin: Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication primarily used to treat overactive bladder and urinary incontinence. It works by relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder, reducing bladder spasms and urinary urgency. While some individuals with Meniere's disease may experience associated symptoms such as frequent urination or urinary urgency, oxybutynin is not a standard treatment for Meniere's disease itself.

A. "l notice the ringing when I'm not concentrating on something." B. "l am still able to complete my work in a timely manner." C. "The ringing in my ears is distracting." D. "Hopefully a treatment for this ringing in my ears will help."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "I notice the ringing when I'm not concentrating on something." This statement suggests that the client notices the tinnitus but does not imply a significant impact on their well-being. It indicates that the tinnitus occurs when the client is not focused on tasks, which may not necessarily affect their overall functioning or well-being.

B. "I am still able to complete my work in a timely manner." This statement indicates that the client can still function adequately in their work despite experiencing tinnitus. While this may suggest some level of coping, it does not directly address the impact of tinnitus on the client's overall well-being.

C. "The ringing in my ears is distracting." This is the correct answer. This statement indicates that the tinnitus is distracting to the client, which suggests that it may affect their concentration, focus, or overall quality of life. The distraction caused by tinnitus can significantly impact daily activities and well-being.

D. "Hopefully a treatment for this ringing in my ears will help." While this statement acknowledges the presence of tinnitus and the desire for treatment, it does not directly address the impact of tinnitus on the client's well-being. It focuses more on the hope for relief through treatment rather than the current impact on their quality of life.

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A nurse is teaching several newly licensed nurses about cardiac valve replacement. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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