A nurse is assessing a client who has dehydration due to prolonged diarrhea. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Bradycardia

Edema

Hypotension

Crackles

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Bradycardia is not expected with dehydration. Instead, tachycardia occurs as a compensatory response to low blood volume.
B. Edema is not a symptom of dehydration. Instead, dehydration leads to decreased tissue perfusion and dry mucous membranes.
C. Hypotension occurs due to decreased blood volume from fluid loss, leading to low blood pressure and potential dizziness or weakness.
D. Crackles are not expected in dehydration. Instead, lung sounds are typically clear unless another condition is present.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Tachypnea. Rapid breathing is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rather than mild hypoglycemia.
B. Ketonuria. The presence of ketones in the urine occurs with prolonged hyperglycemia and DKA, not with hypoglycemia.
C. Warm skin. Hypoglycemia typically causes cool, clammy skin due to sympathetic nervous system activation, not warmth.
D. Nervousness. Low blood glucose triggers the release of epinephrine, leading to symptoms such as nervousness, tremors, and sweating.

A. Shake both insulin vials for 2 min before withdrawing the doses. B. Administer the mixture within 5 min of preparing it. C. Withdraw the NPH insulin before the regular insulin. D. Inject air into the regular insulin vial before injecting air into the NPH vial. E. None F. None

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Shaking insulin vials can cause bubbles and denature the insulin, especially NPH, which should be gently rolled between the hands to mix. Vigorous shaking can reduce effectiveness and increase the risk of inaccurate dosing.

B. Once regular and NPH insulin are drawn into the same syringe, the mixture should be administered promptly, ideally within 5 minutes, to maintain potency and prevent clumping. Delays can alter absorption and efficacy of the insulin.

C. The correct technique is to withdraw regular insulin first and then NPH, not the other way around. Drawing NPH first could contaminate the regular insulin vial with NPH, affecting rapid-acting insulin activity.

D. Air should be injected into each vial to equalize pressure before withdrawing the insulin, but the sequence should be air into NPH first, then air into regular insulin, to avoid contamination. Incorrect sequencing can introduce NPH into the regular insulin vial.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has dehydration due to prolonged diarrhea. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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