A nurse is caring for a client who is at 32 weeks of gestation and has pre-term labor.
Which of the following infections can increase the risk of pre-term labor?
Bacterial vaginosis
Candidiasis
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
The Correct Answer is A
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age and it increases the risk of preterm labor. It is caused by an imbalance of the normal vaginal flora and can lead to intra-amniotic infection, which can trigger inflammation and uterine contractions.
Choice B. Candidiasis is wrong because it is a fungal infection that does not increase the risk of preterm labor.
It can cause itching, burning, and discharge, but it does not affect the amniotic fluid or the fetus.
Choice C. Gonorrhea is wrong because it is a bacterial infection that can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which can increase the risk of preterm labor, but it is not as common as bacterial vaginosis.
Gonorrhea can also cause neonatal conjunctivitis if transmitted during delivery.
Choice D. Syphilis is wrong because it is a bacterial infection that can cause congenital syphilis if transmitted during pregnancy, but it does not increase the risk of preterm labor.
Syphilis can cause serious complications such as stillbirth, neonatal death, or neurologic damage.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Fetal aneuploidy, which means having an abnormal number of chromosomes, can contribute to pre-term labor.This is because fetal abnormalities are associated with 30% of preterm deliveries.
Choice A is wrong because fetal macrosomia, which means having a large baby, is not a risk factor for pre-term labor.In fact, it may increase the risk of post-term delivery.
Choice C is wrong because fetal distress, which means the baby is not getting enough oxygen or nutrients, is not a cause of pre-term labor, but rather a complication that may occur during labor and delivery.
Choice D is wrong because fetal hydrops, which means having excess fluid in the body tissues, is not a direct cause of pre-term labor, but rather a symptom of other conditions that may affect the baby’s health.
Normal ranges for gestational age are 37 to 42 weeks.Pre-term labor occurs when regular contractions result in the opening of the cervix after week 20 and before week 37 of pregnancy.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Cervical length of less than 2.5 cm.This can indicate cervical insufficiency, a condition in which the cervix begins to dilate and efface prematurely, leading to preterm labor.A normal cervical length is about 4 cm.
Choice A is wrong because cervical dilation of 4 cm or more is not a sign of cervical insufficiency, but rather of active labor.
Choice B is wrong because cervical effacement of 80% or more is also a sign of active labor, not cervical insufficiency.Choice D is wrong because cervical funneling is not a finding that can indicate cervical insufficiency by itself, but rather a complication that can result from it.Cervical funneling is when the internal os (the opening of the cervix inside the uterus) widens while the external os (the opening of the cervix outside the uterus) remains closed.
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