A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old toddler notices a large abdominal mass and pink-tinged urine on the diaper. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?
Wilms' tumor
Intussusception
Nephritic syndrome
Pyloric stenosis
The Correct Answer is A
A Wilms' tumor is a common kidney cancer that primarily affects children. One of the classic signs of this tumor is the presence of a large abdominal mass, which may be palpable upon physical examination and hematuria (pink-tinged urine).
B. Intussusception is a condition where a part of the intestine folds into another section, causing an obstruction. The symptoms can include episodes of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stools, and lethargy.
C. Nephritic syndrome is a renal condition characterized by inflammation. The symptoms often include hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria.
D. Pyloric stenosis is a condition where the distal opening of the stomach is obstructed due to smooth muscle hypertrophy. It presents with projectile vomiting after feeding, dehydration, and weight loss.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital abnormalities that occur during early embryonic development when the neural tube fails to close completely. Spina bifida is one type of neural tube defect where the spinal column doesn't close all the way, resulting in spinal cord and nerve damage. It can lead to various complications, including paralysis, bladder and bowel problems, and learning difficulties. Therefore, it is an appropriate example of a neural tube defect.
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B. Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood.
C. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.
D. Hydrocephalus is a condition where there's an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, often due to obstruction or impaired drainage.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Furrowed brow is a common sign of discomfort or pain in infants. When babies experience pain, they may frown or have a wrinkled forehead.
B. Infants may have wide-open eyes when they are in pain, as a response to the stress of the discomfort.
C. Decreased muscle tone is not be a direct indicator of pain. Sometimes, in response to pain, an infant's body might become limp due to exhaustion or as a protective response.
D. Dry palms and feet are not typically associated with pain. Dryness of the skin in infants can be related to various factors, including environmental conditions and hydration levels. However, it is not a recognized sign of pain.
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