A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old toddler notices a large abdominal mass and pink-tinged urine on the diaper. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?
Wilms' tumor
Intussusception
Nephritic syndrome
Pyloric stenosis
The Correct Answer is A
A Wilms' tumor is a common kidney cancer that primarily affects children. One of the classic signs of this tumor is the presence of a large abdominal mass, which may be palpable upon physical examination and hematuria (pink-tinged urine).
B. Intussusception is a condition where a part of the intestine folds into another section, causing an obstruction. The symptoms can include episodes of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stools, and lethargy.
C. Nephritic syndrome is a renal condition characterized by inflammation. The symptoms often include hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria.
D. Pyloric stenosis is a condition where the distal opening of the stomach is obstructed due to smooth muscle hypertrophy. It presents with projectile vomiting after feeding, dehydration, and weight loss.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Pyloric stenosis is characterized by the narrowing of the pylorus, the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. This narrowing obstructs the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine, leading to symptoms such as projectile vomiting.
A. Red currant jelly stools are typically associated with intussusception - telescoping of one segment of the intestine into another.
C. Distended neck veins are not typically associated with pyloric stenosis. Distended neck veins may occur in conditions such as heart failure or superior vena cava obstruction.
D. Ridged abdomen: Pyloric stenosis may lead to a palpable olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, but a ridged abdomen is not a typical finding.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Irritability is a common response in toddlers to illness or discomfort. Nephrotic syndrome is mainly painless
B. Facial edema is a characteristic symptom of nephrotic syndrome due to fluid retention and should be reported, as it may require management of the underlying condition or adjustment of treatment.
C. Poor appetite can be a symptom of nephrotic syndrome but not specific to it.
D. Yellow nasal discharge can indicate an infection such as a common cold, but not specific to nephrotic syndrome.
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