A nurse is obtaining a health history from a child who has suspected acute rheumatic fever. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask?
"Was your son born with this cardiac defect?"
"Has your child had any injuries recently?"
"Have you given your child aspirin in the past 2 weeks?"
"Has your son had a sore throat recently?"
The Correct Answer is D
A. This question is not relevant to the assessment for acute rheumatic fever. ARF is not a congenital cardiac defect but rather an acquired condition resulting from an abnormal immune response to a streptococcal infection.
B. Injuries are not typically associated with the development of acute rheumatic fever. ARF is primarily triggered by an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection, particularly streptococcal pharyngitis.
C. Aspirin use is not a specific question related to the assessment of acute rheumatic fever. Aspirin therapy may be indicated for managing symptoms of ARF, but it is not a diagnostic criterion for the condition.
D. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune condition affecting the heart, joints, skin, and central nervous system. It follows an untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal infection, particularly streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat).
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining and is typically not caused by streptococcal infections. There is no direct link between gastritis and rheumatic fever.
B. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition that develops as a complication of inadequately treated Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections such as strep throat.
Therefore, a history of a sibling having a sore throat 3 weeks ago is significant because it suggests a possible streptococcal infection.
C. Fifth disease, caused by parvovirus B19, is a viral infection that primarily affects children. It is not caused by streptococcal bacteria and is not associated with the development of rheumatic fever.
D. Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is a viral infection and does not predispose a child to rheumatic fever.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. This statement does not directly relate to meeting the nutritional needs of an infant with heart failure. Also, setting a specific time limit on crying before feeding may not always be practical or effective.
B. Infants with heart failure may have increased energy needs due to the increased work of the heart. Feeding on demand or more frequently may be necessary to meet the infant's nutritional requirements.
C. In heart failure, infants may tire easily during feeding due to fatigue from poor cardiac function. Allowing the baby to feed at their own pace can help prevent exhaustion and ensure adequate intake.
D. Polycose is a carbohydrate supplement that may be used to increase the caloric density of formula or breast milk for infants with heart failure who require additional calories. Adding Polycose to every bottle may not be appropriate.
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