A school nurse is assessing a school-age child and notices white flakes that don't brush off the hair and a rash on the back of the child's neck. The nurse should suspect which of the following disorders?
Pediculosis capitis
Impetigo contagiosa
Folliculitis
Tinea capitis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Pediculosis capitis, commonly known as head lice, is characterized by the presence of live lice and nits (lice eggs) attached to the hair shaft close to the scalp. They do not typically cause a rash on the back of the neck.
B. Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection characterized by red sores or blisters that rupture and form honey-colored crusts. It commonly affects areas of the body with broken skin, such as the face, hands, and arms.
C. Folliculitis is inflammation or infection of the hair follicles caused by bacteria or fungi. It can result in red, swollen, and pus-filled bumps around hair follicles.
D. Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair follicles. It is characterized by the presence of white or grayish flakes that adhere to the hair shafts and cannot be easily brushed off, along with a rash or scaly patch on the scalp. The rash may extend to the back of the neck.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Most schools have policies allowing children to return to school once they have been treated for head lice, even if nits are still present. Complete nit removal can be challenging, and some nits may remain after treatment.
B. Treating all family members is indeed a recommended practice to prevent the spread of head lice within the household. However, this statement alone does not encompass all aspects of managing pediculosis capitis.
C. Throwing out toys that cannot be dry cleaned or washed is unnecessary and wasteful. The focus should be on thoroughly cleaning and treating the affected person's personal items and surroundings.
D. Washing recently used clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water is an important measure to eliminate head lice and their eggs (nits) from the environment. Hot water helps kill lice and their eggs effectively. This action is a crucial part of the treatment and prevention strategy for pediculosis capitis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The symptoms described, including slow onset of recurrent low-grade fever, fatigue, weakness, joint and muscle aches, loss of appetite, weight loss, and diaphoresis, along with the presence of a new heart murmur, splenomegaly, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages under the nails, and Osler nodes, are classic signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis (IE).
B. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific abnormalities in the heart's structure. The symptoms described do not align with the characteristic features of Tetralogy of Fallot.
C. Acute rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition that can develop as a complication of untreated streptococcal infections, particularly strep throat. While it can lead to heart valve damage (rheumatic heart disease), the symptoms described are more indicative of infective endocarditis rather than acute rheumatic fever.
D. Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. While it can present with symptoms such as fatigue and weakness, it typically does not manifest with the constellation of symptoms described, including fever, joint and muscle aches, and the presence of Osler nodes and splinter hemorrhages.
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