A school nurse is assessing a school-age child and notices white flakes that don't brush off the hair and a rash on the back of the child's neck. The nurse should suspect which of the following disorders?
Pediculosis capitis
Impetigo contagiosa
Folliculitis
Tinea capitis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Pediculosis capitis, commonly known as head lice, is characterized by the presence of live lice and nits (lice eggs) attached to the hair shaft close to the scalp. They do not typically cause a rash on the back of the neck.
B. Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection characterized by red sores or blisters that rupture and form honey-colored crusts. It commonly affects areas of the body with broken skin, such as the face, hands, and arms.
C. Folliculitis is inflammation or infection of the hair follicles caused by bacteria or fungi. It can result in red, swollen, and pus-filled bumps around hair follicles.
D. Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair follicles. It is characterized by the presence of white or grayish flakes that adhere to the hair shafts and cannot be easily brushed off, along with a rash or scaly patch on the scalp. The rash may extend to the back of the neck.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Pyloric stenosis is characterized by the narrowing of the pylorus, the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. This narrowing obstructs the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine, leading to symptoms such as projectile vomiting.
A. Red currant jelly stools are typically associated with intussusception - telescoping of one segment of the intestine into another.
C. Distended neck veins are not typically associated with pyloric stenosis. Distended neck veins may occur in conditions such as heart failure or superior vena cava obstruction.
D. Ridged abdomen: Pyloric stenosis may lead to a palpable olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, but a ridged abdomen is not a typical finding.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that arises from immature nerve cells and commonly affects infants and young children. While it can occur in the abdomen, it is not primarily a renal tumor.
B. Ewing sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that primarily affects children and adolescents. It typically arises in the bones of the pelvis, legs, arms, ribs, or spine. While it can involve the abdominal area if it metastasizes (spreads), it is not primarily an intra-abdominal tumor.
C. Osteosarcoma commonly arises in the long bones of the arms and legs. While it can spread to other parts of the body, including the abdomen, it is primarily a bone tumor.
D. Wilms' tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most common malignant renal (kidney) tumor of childhood. It typically occurs in children around 2 to 5 years old and is often detected as a firm, non- tender abdominal mass.
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