A 2-year old is admitted to the pediatric with acute onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis results from an excessive accumulation of which of the following?
Release of sodium bicarbonate from renal compensation
Ketone bodies from fat metabolism
Excretion of excess potassium from cellular death
Elevated glucose from elevated insulin
The Correct Answer is B
A. Release of sodium bicarbonate from renal compensation: In response to metabolic acidosis, the kidneys may attempt to compensate by excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate ions. However, this mechanism does not contribute to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 diabetes, resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin. In the absence of sufficient insulin, the body cannot properly utilize glucose for energy, leading to increased lipolysis (breakdown of fat) and subsequent production of ketone bodies (such as acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate) as an alternative fuel source. The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood lowers the blood pH, leading to metabolic acidosis characteristic of DKA.
C. Excretion of excess potassium from cellular death: Diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hyperkalemia due to shifts of potassium out of cells as acidosis worsens. However, this is a consequence of DKA rather than a primary cause.
D. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is an absolute deficiency of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia. Elevated glucose levels contribute to the osmotic diuresis seen in DKA, but they are not the primary cause of ketoacidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Admitting the client is necessary to prevent the spread of infection and provide a controlled environment for the child.
B. Measuring the head circumference is not typically necessary for bacterial meningitis as the sutures are closed raised intracranial pressure does not affect circumference.
C. Seizures can be a complication of bacterial meningitis, so this intervention is important to ensure the child's safety.
D. The semi-Fowler’s position helps to decrease ICP and facilitate breathing, which is crucial in the care of a child with bacterial meningitis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Temper tantrums are a normal part of development in toddlers and often occur when they are frustrated or unable to express their needs effectively. Understanding that tantrums are the child's way of asserting independence and coping with overwhelming emotions can help parents respond to them more effectively.
B, C, and D are not accurate statements about temper tantrums. Leaving the room during a tantrum may not be safe or appropriate, getting a psychological consult is usually not necessary for typical temper tantrums, and temper tantrums are not indicative of a learning disability.
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