An adolescent boy is admitted with the following symptoms: Slow onset of recurrent low-grade fever, fatigue, weakness, joint and muscle aches, loss of appetite, weight loss and diaphoresis.
On assessment the nurse auscultates a new heart murmur, splenomegaly, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages under the nails and Osler nodes (red, painful non-hemorrhagic nodules on the pads of fingers and toes.
Which of the following Acquired Heart Diseases does this best represent?
Infective endocarditis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Acute rheumatic fever
Pulmonary hypertension
The Correct Answer is A
A. The symptoms described, including slow onset of recurrent low-grade fever, fatigue, weakness, joint and muscle aches, loss of appetite, weight loss, and diaphoresis, along with the presence of a new heart murmur, splenomegaly, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages under the nails, and Osler nodes, are classic signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis (IE).
B. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific abnormalities in the heart's structure. The symptoms described do not align with the characteristic features of Tetralogy of Fallot.
C. Acute rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition that can develop as a complication of untreated streptococcal infections, particularly strep throat. While it can lead to heart valve damage (rheumatic heart disease), the symptoms described are more indicative of infective endocarditis rather than acute rheumatic fever.
D. Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. While it can present with symptoms such as fatigue and weakness, it typically does not manifest with the constellation of symptoms described, including fever, joint and muscle aches, and the presence of Osler nodes and splinter hemorrhages.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. This question is not relevant to the assessment for acute rheumatic fever. ARF is not a congenital cardiac defect but rather an acquired condition resulting from an abnormal immune response to a streptococcal infection.
B. Injuries are not typically associated with the development of acute rheumatic fever. ARF is primarily triggered by an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection, particularly streptococcal pharyngitis.
C. Aspirin use is not a specific question related to the assessment of acute rheumatic fever. Aspirin therapy may be indicated for managing symptoms of ARF, but it is not a diagnostic criterion for the condition.
D. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune condition affecting the heart, joints, skin, and central nervous system. It follows an untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal infection, particularly streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an intolerance to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and their derivatives. Therefore, the appropriate food choices for a child with celiac disease are those that are gluten-free.
A. Ric (presumably referring to rice) - Rice is gluten-free and is an appropriate choice for individuals with celiac disease.
B. Wheat - Wheat contains gluten and should be avoided by individuals with celiac disease.
C. Barkey (presumably referring to barley) - Barley contains gluten and should be avoided by individuals with celiac disease.
D. PRIOHOUS - serves as a mnemonic to remember gluten-free food choices (e.g., potatoes, rice, oats, corn, fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products). These foods are typically safe for individuals with celiac disease.
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