A nurse is admitting a client who requests not to be intubated or have any other life saving measures initiated. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Ask the client if they have a copy of their advance directive

Inform the client that their family can override their decision

Ask the client family if they're in agreement with the client's request

Inform the client that the provider must agree with this decision

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   An advance directive is a legal document that outlines a person's preferences for medical treatment, including end-of-life care. Asking the client if they have a copy of their advance directive is appropriate because it can provide valuable information about their wishes regarding medical interventions. It allows the nurse to review the document to ensure that the client's current wishes align with what is documented in their advance directive.
B.   In most cases, a competent adult's healthcare decisions, including decisions to refuse treatment, are legally binding and cannot be overridden by family members. It is important for the nurse to educate the client about their rights and ensure that their wishes are respected. Family members may be involved in discussions and support the client's decisions, but they cannot override a competent adult's wishes regarding their medical care.
C.   While it's important to involve family members in discussions about the client's wishes, especially if they are the client's designated healthcare proxy or legally authorized decision-maker, family agreement is not required for the client's decision to refuse life-saving measures. The nurse should primarily focus on the client's expressed wishes and ensure that these wishes are understood and respected.
D.   The provider's agreement with the client's decision may be necessary to document and implement the plan of care accordingly, but ultimately, the decision to refuse treatment rests with the competent client. The nurse should facilitate communication between the client and the provider to ensure that the client's wishes are understood and documented appropriately.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Communicability refers to the ability of a pathogen, such as a virus, to spread from one person to another. If a virus undergoes a mutation that increases its communicability, it means that the virus can more readily transmit from an infected person to others. This could be due to changes in viral proteins that enhance attachment to host cells, increase viral shedding, or improve survival in the environment.
B. This statement describes the concept of the infectious dose, not communicability. Infectious dose refers to the amount of virus (or pathogen) required to establish an infection in a susceptible host. A mutation that lowers the infectious dose could potentially increase the likelihood of infection, but it does not directly relate to communicability.

C. Environmental stability refers to the ability of a virus to survive outside of a host and remain capable of causing infection. While environmental stability can contribute to the overall transmission of a virus, it does not specifically define communicability, which focuses on person-to-person spread.
D. Disease severity refers to the impact of infection on the health of an individual, ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness and potential mortality. A mutation that increases disease severity does not necessarily affect communicability unless severe disease leads to behaviors that enhance transmission (e.g., increased shedding of virus).

A. The child should wear a mask to school. B. The child should be taken to the hospital if they develop difficulty breathing. C. The child should be immunized prior to coming to school. D. The child should be tested to determine the cause of their illness.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Wearing a mask is a measure of primary prevention rather than secondary prevention. It aims to prevent the transmission of the virus to others if the child is infected. However, in the context of secondary prevention, the focus is on early detection and management of the illness in the child to prevent complications.

B. This is a crucial instruction for tertiary prevention. Difficulty breathing can indicate severe illness, potentially requiring urgent medical intervention. Prompt recognition and treatment can prevent progression to respiratory failure, a serious complication of COVID-19.
C. Immunization is a form of primary prevention aimed at preventing infection before it occurs. As of now, COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for eligible school-age children to prevent infection and reduce transmission but do not directly address the management of suspected infection in a symptomatic child.
D. This is a critical step in secondary prevention. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and initiate appropriate management and isolation measures if the child is positive. Early testing helps identify cases early and prevent further transmission in the school and community.

View Question and Answer

A nurse is caring for a 20-year-old client who has a fever and reports severe headache.

Exhibits

A nurse is preparing the client for a lumbar puncture. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

View Question and Answer

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A nurse is admitting a client who requests not to be intubated or have any other life saving measures initiated. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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