A nurse in the labor and delivery unit is reviewing medications for a group of clients. Which of the following medications places the fetus at risk for teratogenic effects?

Levothyroxine for hypothyroidism

Phenytoin for seizure disorder

Magnesium oxide for constipation

Ferrous sulfate for chronic anemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement medication commonly used to treat hypothyroidism. It is not associated with teratogenic effects when used appropriately.

B. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication that is known to be teratogenic, especially when used during the first trimester of pregnancy. It is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations, such as cleft palate and heart defects, in infants born to mothers who take the medication during pregnancy.

C. Magnesium oxide is a mineral supplement commonly used to treat constipation during pregnancy. It is not associated with teratogenic effects when used appropriately.

D. Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement commonly used to treat chronic anemia during pregnancy. It is not associated with teratogenic effects when used appropriately.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Rationale for A: Decreased reflexes can indicate hypokalemia, an adverse effect of loop diuretics. Loop diuretics increase the excretion of potassium, which can lead to low potassium levels, manifesting as muscle weakness and diminished reflexes.

Rationale for B: Weight gain, especially in the context of heart failure, suggests fluid retention rather than an adverse effect of a loop diuretic, which is expected to reduce fluid retention by promoting diuresis.

Rationale for C: Increased urinary output is an expected effect of loop diuretics, as they are used to remove excess fluid. This would not be considered an adverse effect unless it leads to dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.

Rationale for D: Jugular vein distention indicates fluid overload, which would suggest that the diuretic is not effective or that the heart failure is worsening. It is not a direct adverse effect of the medication itself.

A. Instill erythromycin ophthalmic ointment in the newborn's eyes. B. Weigh the newborn. C. Place identification bracelets on the newborn. D. Dry the newborn.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Instilling erythromycin ophthalmic ointment in the newborn's eyes is important to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis, but drying the newborn takes precedence to prevent heat loss and stimulate breathing immediately after birth.

B. Weighing the newborn and placing identification bracelets can be done after drying the newborn.

C. Placing identification bracelets on the newborn is important for identification purposes but does not take precedence over drying the newborn to prevent heat loss and stimulate breathing.

D. Dry the newborn: Drying the newborn is the priority immediately after birth to prevent heat

loss and stimulate breathing. The newborn is wet from amniotic fluid and may be cold due to the temperature difference between the intrauterine and extrauterine environment. Drying the newborn with a warm, soft towel helps to prevent hypothermia and promotes the initiation of breathing, which is essential for oxygenation and lung expansion. This action supports the

newborn's transition to extrauterine life and sets the stage for subsequent assessments and interventions.

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A nurse in the labor and delivery unit is reviewing medications for a group of clients. Which of the following medications places the fetus at risk for teratogenic effects?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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