A nurse in an emergency department is collecting data from a client who has a personality disorder and reports that they recently used illicit drugs. Which of the following screening tools should the nurse use to determine if the client has recently used an illicit substance?

A. Cancer: While individuals with schizophrenia may have an increased risk of certain health issues, cancer is not typically identified as a common comorbidity directly associated with schizophrenia. Other factors may influence cancer risk, but it is not a prevalent comorbidity.
B. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is a well-documented comorbidity in clients with schizophrenia. Factors contributing to this association include lifestyle choices, medication side effects (such as weight gain from antipsychotics), and metabolic syndrome, leading to a higher prevalence of diabetes among this population.
C. Alzheimer's disease: Alzheimer's disease primarily affects older adults and is not commonly associated as a comorbidity of schizophrenia. While both conditions involve cognitive changes, Alzheimer's is not a direct comorbidity of schizophrenia.
D. Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease primarily related to aging and wear and tear on joints. It is not specifically linked to schizophrenia as a comorbidity and does not directly impact the management of schizophrenia.

A. Offer the client information about a support group for parents: Providing information about a support group is a constructive and supportive action. It can help the client connect with others who understand their challenges, enhance their coping skills, and provide emotional support as a single parent dealing with borderline personality disorder.
B. Suggest the children live with other relatives: This suggestion may not be appropriate unless there is a clear indication that the children's safety is at risk. It could also be perceived as discouraging or stigmatizing, rather than empowering the client to take care of their responsibilities as a parent.
C. Encourage the children to visit the psychiatric unit when the client is leaving: While maintaining family connections is important, bringing young children to a psychiatric unit may not be suitable or beneficial for either the client or the children. It could expose them to an environment that may be confusing or distressing for them.
D. Notify child protective services: Notifying child protective services should only occur if there is clear evidence that the children are at risk of harm or neglect. This action is serious and should not be taken lightly without substantial cause. The focus should be on supporting the client and enhancing their parenting skills rather than taking punitive actions.