A nurse in a long-term care facility is collecting data from an older adult client. Which of the following findings indicates that the client might be dehydrated?

Choice A reason: Discouraging reminiscing about the past is not a helpful strategy for a client who has dementia and confusion. Reminiscing can stimulate memory, enhance mood, and promote social interaction.

Choice B reason: Asking open-ended questions that encourage the client to express their feelings is not appropriate for a client who has dementia and confusion. Open-ended questions can increase frustration and anxiety for the client who may have difficulty finding words or recalling events. The nurse should use simple, direct, and closed-ended questions instead.

Choice C reason: Using holiday decorations to provide orientation to the time of the year is a beneficial action for a client who has dementia and confusion. Holiday decorations can help the client recognize familiar cues and reduce disorientation.

Choice D reason: Encouraging multiple family members to visit the client at the same time is not advisable for a client who has dementia and confusion. Multiple visitors can overwhelm and agitate the client who may have trouble recognizing faces or voices. The nurse should limit the number of visitors and ensure they are calm and supportive.

Choice A: This is incorrect because applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment that promotes fungal growth and infection. The client should apply lotion to the feet but avoid the areas between the toes.

Choice B: This is incorrect because wearing open-toe shoes can expose the feet to injury and infection. The client should wear well-fitting, closed-toe shoes that protect the feet and prevent pressure ulcers.

Choice C: This is correct because wearing cotton socks can help keep the feet dry and prevent fungal infections. Cotton socks also provide cushioning and reduce friction.

Choice D: This is incorrect because rounding the corners of the toenails can cause ingrown nails, which can lead to infection and ulceration. The client should trim the toenails straight across and file any sharp edges.