A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory findings indicates the client has maintained control of his blood glucose levels for the past 3 months?
HbA1c 6.5%
HbA1c 12.5%
Fasting blood glucose 100 mg/dL
Fasting blood glucose 70 mg/dL
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: HbA1c or glycated hemoglobin is a measure of average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months. A lower HbA1c indicates better glycemic control and a lower risk of diabetes complications. The target HbA1c for most people with diabetes mellitus is less than 7%.
Choice B reason: HbA1c 12.5% is very high and indicates poor glycemic control and a high risk of diabetes complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, or neuropathy.
Choice C reason: Fasting blood glucose 100 mg/dL is within the normal range of 70 to 99 mg/dL and indicates normal glucose metabolism, but it does not reflect the long-term control of blood glucose levels over the past 3 months.
Choice D reason: Fasting blood glucose 70 mg/dL is at the lower end of the normal range and may indicate hypoglycemia or low blood glucose levels, which can cause symptoms such as sweating, trembling, hunger, or confusion.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice c: Confusion is a finding that the nurse should anticipate in an older adult client who has cystitis, which is inflammation of the bladder caused by a bacterial infection. Confusion can be a sign of sepsis or delirium, which are common complications of urinary tract infections in older adults.
Choice a is not correct because hypothermia is not a finding that the nurse should anticipate in an older adult client who has cystitis. Hypothermia can occur in older adults due to impaired thermoregulation, but it is not related to cystitis.
Choice b is not correct because referred pain in the right shoulder is not a finding that the nurse should anticipate in an older adult client who has cystitis. Referred pain in the right shoulder can indicate gallbladder disease, but it is not related to cystitis.
Choice d is not correct because orange-colored urine is not a finding that the nurse should anticipate in an older adult client who has cystitis. Orange-colored urine can be caused by certain medications, foods, or dehydration, but it is not related to cystitis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Urinating before and after sexual intercourse can help flush out any bacteria that may have entered the urinary tract during sexual activity, and prevent them from causing an infection.
Choice B reason: Increasing milk consumption to make the urine more alkaline is not a recommended instruction, as it may increase the risk of developing kidney stones or calcium deposits in the urinary tract.
Choice C reason: Emptying the bladder at least every 4 hours is a good practice, but not sufficient to prevent urinary tract infections. The nurse should also advise the client to drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to dilute the urine and flush out bacteria.
Choice D reason: Using vaginal douche once a week is not a recommended instruction, as it may alter the normal flora of the vagina and increase the risk of infection. The nurse should advise the client to avoid using any products that may irritate the genital area, such as perfumed soaps, sprays, or powders.
Choice E reason: Drinking cranberry juice daily is not a proven method to prevent urinary tract infections, although some studies suggest that it may have some benefits. The nurse should inform the client that cranberry juice may interact with some medications, such as warfarin, and that it may also increase the acidity of the urine, which can cause discomfort or burning sensation.
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