A nurse in a long-term care facility is assessing an older adult client for depression. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. "Reassure staff members that the debriefing is confidential."
This is an appropriate first step. Ensuring confidentiality creates a safe environment where individuals feel comfortable sharing their experiences and emotions.

B. "Have staff members discuss their involvement in the event."
This can be a part of the debriefing process, but it might not be the first step. Generally, individuals are given the option to share their experiences, but they should not be forced to do so. Some might not be ready to talk about their involvement immediately.

C. "Ask staff members to describe their most traumatic memories of the event."
This might be too intrusive as a first step. It's important to approach discussions about specific traumatic memories with caution and only when individuals are comfortable sharing.

D. "Provide stress-management exercises to the staff members."
This could be a helpful step after ensuring confidentiality and allowing individuals the opportunity to express their feelings. Stress-management exercises can provide valuable coping strategies.

A. Displacement:
Displacement is a defense mechanism where a person redirects their feelings, often negative or hostile ones, from the original source or target to a different, less threatening target. For example, if the client were to express anger at their boss by yelling at their family members instead, it would be an example of displacement.
B. Rationalization:

Rationalization is a defense mechanism in which a person provides logical or reasonable explanations to justify or explain a situation or behavior, even if these explanations are not entirely true or valid. It involves creating justifications or excuses to make an event or one's actions appear more reasonable or acceptable. In this case, the client is rationalizing the job loss by attributing it to their boss not liking them, which may be an oversimplified or inaccurate explanation.
C. Dissociation:

Dissociation is a defense mechanism where a person mentally separates themselves from their own thoughts, feelings, or experiences to cope with overwhelming or traumatic situations. It involves a disconnection from reality. The client's statement doesn't suggest dissociation; rather, they are providing a reason for their job loss.

D. Repression:
Repression is a defense mechanism that involves the unconscious exclusion of painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, or memories from awareness. It is not readily visible or expressed in behavior. The client's statement involves a conscious attempt to explain their job loss, so it's not an example of repression.