A nurse has received change-of-shift report on four assigned clients. For which of the following clients should the nurse intervene to prevent a potential food and medication interaction?

A client who is receiving verapamil and has a continuous infusion of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

A client who is taking phenytoin and is requesting a milkshake

A client who is receiving a diet high in potassium-rich foods and furosemide by mouth

A client who is receiving an MAOI and is requesting a cheeseburger for dinner

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. This choice is incorrect because verapamil and TPN do not have a significant food and medication interaction. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can lower blood pressure and heart rate, while TPN is a form of intravenous nutrition that provides calories, electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs and blood glucose levels, but there is no need to intervene to prevent an interaction.

B. This choice is incorrect because phenytoin and milkshakes do not have a significant food and medication interaction. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant that can decrease the absorption of some vitamins, such as folic acid and vitamin D, but milkshakes are not a major source of these nutrients. The nurse should encourage the client to eat a balanced diet and take supplements as prescribed, but there is no need to intervene to prevent an interaction.

C. This choice is incorrect because potassium-rich foods and furosemide do not have a significant food and medication interaction. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, but potassium-rich foods can help prevent this complication. The nurse should monitor the client's electrolyte levels and fluid balance, but there is no need to intervene to prevent an interaction.

D. This choice is correct because MAOIs and cheeseburgers have a significant food and medication interaction. MAOIs are antidepressants that can cause hypertensive crisis, or dangerously high blood pressure, if the client consumes foods that contain tyramine, such as aged cheeses, cured meats, fermented foods, and beer. The nurse should intervene to prevent the client from eating a cheeseburger and educate the client about avoiding tyramine-containing foods while taking MAOIs.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

"Use a cane when walking to maintain your balance" is the correct statement Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the central nervous system, leading to various neurological symptoms. Mobility and balance issues are common among individuals with MS, and using a cane can be helpful in providing stability and support while walking. It can also reduce the risk of falls and improve the client's overall safety and confidence when ambulating.

Choice B reason:

"Plan to take a hot bath once a week to reduce stress” is not appropriate statement. Heat sensitivity is a common symptom in individuals with MS, and exposure to heat, such as hot baths or saunas, can exacerbate MS symptoms. It is generally advisable for individuals with MS to avoid excessive heat exposure as it can worsen fatigue and other neurological symptoms.

Choice C reason:

"Engage in a rigorous exercise program to maintain muscle tone" is not appropriate. While exercise is beneficial for individuals with MS, particularly in maintaining muscle strength and flexibility, it is essential to avoid a rigorous or overly strenuous exercise program. High-intensity exercise may lead to increased fatigue and exacerbation of MS symptoms. A personalized exercise plan that considers the individual's specific abilities and limitations is recommended.

Choice D reason

"Place a scatter rug in your bathroom to prevent falling" is not appropriate statement. Placing a scatter rug in the bathroom is not advisable, especially for individuals with mobility and balance issues like those with MS. Scatter rugs can create tripping hazards and increase the risk of falls. It is essential to keep the bathroom floor clear and use non-slip mats to improve safety.

A. Elevated energy level B. Powerful craving for more C. High self-esteem D. Euphoria

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug that increases the levels of dopamine in the brain, which is a chemical messenger related to movement, pleasure, and motivation.
Cocaine's eﬀects appear almost immediately and last for a few minutes to an hour, depending on the method of use. Some of the short-term eﬀects of cocaine include extreme happiness and energy, mental alertness, hypersensitivity to sight, sound, and touch, and irritability.
An elevated energy level is one of the most common and noticeable eﬀects of cocaine use, as cocaine stimulates the central nervous system and makes the user feel more alert, active, and confident¹². This eﬀect may also lead to increased physical activity, talkativeness, or aggression.

Therefore, option A is the correct answer, while options B, C, and D are incorrect.

Option B is incorrect because a powerful craving for more cocaine is not a behavior that can be observed by others, but rather an internal feeling that the user may experience due to the addictive nature of the drug.

Option C is incorrect because high self-esteem is not a typical eﬀect of cocaine use, as cocaine may cause paranoia or anxiety in some users.

Option D is incorrect because euphoria is not a behavior that can be observed by others, but rather an emotional state that the user may feel due to the increased dopamine levels in the brain

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A nurse has received change-of-shift report on four assigned clients. For which of the following clients should the nurse intervene to prevent a potential food and medication interaction?

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