A nurse has accepted a position on a pediatric unit and is learning about psychosocial development. Place Erikson's stages of psychosocial development in order from birth to adolescence. (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.)

A. Administer opioids for pain:

While pain management is crucial after surgery, opioids may not be the first-line choice for pain relief in toddlers due to their potential side effects, including respiratory depression and sedation. Non-opioid pain relief methods such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be preferred, depending on the toddler's age and the surgeon's preference.

B. Apply bilateral wrist restraints:

After a cleft palate repair, it's essential to prevent the toddler from putting hands or objects into their mouth, as this could disrupt the surgical site and compromise healing. Bilateral wrist restraints help to immobilize the toddler's arms and prevent them from reaching the mouth area, reducing the risk of injury and promoting healing.

C. Implement a soft diet:

A soft diet may be appropriate for the toddler once they have fully recovered from the surgery and the surgical site has healed adequately. However, 24 hours postoperative is too soon to introduce a soft diet, as the toddler may still be recovering from anesthesia and experiencing discomfort. It's essential to follow the surgeon's orders regarding diet progression.

D. Offer fluids through a straw:

Offering fluids through a straw may pose a risk of aspiration or injury to the surgical site, especially in the immediate postoperative period. It's crucial to follow the surgeon's instructions regarding feeding methods and avoid using straws until the toddler has fully recovered and the surgical site has healed.

A. Crayons and a coloring book: While crayons and coloring books can be entertaining, they may not be suitable for a 12-month-old toddler who is hospitalized and confined to a room with contact precautions. Toddlers at this age are typically more interested in exploring objects and engaging in physical activities.

B. Large building blocks: Large building blocks are suitable for a 12-month-old toddler as they promote fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and spatial awareness. They also encourage imaginative play and problem-solving, which are important aspects of cognitive development at this age. Additionally, large blocks are easy to clean and sanitize, making them suitable for use in a hospital setting with contact precautions in place.

C. Hanging crib toys: Hanging crib toys are more appropriate for infants, particularly those who are younger than 12 months old. At 12 months of age, toddlers are usually more mobile and may not be as interested in stationary crib toys.

D. Modeling clay: Modeling clay is not recommended for a 12-month-old toddler, especially in a hospital setting with contact precautions. Modeling clay poses a choking hazard, and toddlers at this age may not have the dexterity or understanding to use it safely. Additionally, modeling clay can be difficult to clean and sanitize between uses, making it unsuitable for use in a hospital environment.