A nurse has accepted a position on a pediatric unit and is learning about psychosocial development. Place Erikson's stages of psychosocial development in order from birth to adolescence. (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. Use all the steps.)

A. Projectile vomiting: Pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the pylorus, the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. This narrowing leads to obstruction of the gastric outlet, causing the stomach to become distended with food. When the infant feeds, the stomach fills up, but the food cannot pass through the narrowed pylorus efficiently. As a result, the infant forcefully expels the contents of the stomach in a characteristic manner known as projectile vomiting. Projectile vomiting is forceful, often occurring shortly after feeding, and the vomited material is usually not bile-stained.

B. Ridged abdomen: While abdominal distension can occur due to the buildup of gastric contents in pyloric stenosis, the term "ridged abdomen" is not typically associated with this condition. Instead, clinicians may palpate an olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, which represents the hypertrophied pylorus. The ridged appearance may be more indicative of conditions such as peritonitis or muscular rigidity, rather than pyloric stenosis.

C. Distended neck veins: Distended neck veins are not typically associated with pyloric stenosis. This symptom is more commonly observed in conditions affecting the cardiovascular system, such as congestive heart failure. In pyloric stenosis, the primary manifestations are related to gastrointestinal obstruction, particularly projectile vomiting, rather than signs of circulatory compromise.

D. Red currant jelly stools: Red currant jelly stools are a characteristic finding in intussusception, a condition where one portion of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction and compromise of the blood supply. This leads to the passage of stools containing blood and mucus, resembling red currant jelly in appearance. Pyloric stenosis primarily affects gastric emptying and does not typically result in bloody stools. Instead, the hallmark symptom is projectile vomiting due to gastric outlet obstruction.

A. Restrain the child physically: Physically restraining a toddler during a temper tantrum can escalate the situation and may lead to the child feeling scared or more frustrated. It's important to avoid physical force as it can be traumatic for the child and potentially harmful.

B. Ignore the temper tantrums: Ignoring temper tantrums might work in some situations, but it's not always the most effective strategy. Toddlers often tantrum to seek attention or express frustration, and ignoring them entirely may not address the underlying issue. Additionally, consistent ignoring can lead to feelings of abandonment or exacerbate the behavior.

C. Distract the child by offering to play a game: Distraction can be an effective technique for managing temper tantrums in toddlers. Offering to engage the child in a fun activity or game can redirect their focus away from the source of frustration, helping to de-escalate the situation and promote positive behavior.

D. Tell the child that temper tantrums are not acceptable: While it's important to set boundaries and teach appropriate behavior, telling a toddler that temper tantrums are not acceptable may not effectively address the immediate situation. Toddlers may not fully understand or be able to control their emotions, so simply telling them that tantrums are unacceptable without providing alternative coping strategies is unlikely to be effective.