A mother brings her 3-year-old daughter to the emergency department because the child has been vomiting and having diarrhea for the past 36 hours. When assessing this child'stemperature, which method would be least appropriate?

Tympanic

Oral

Axillary

Rectal

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. TympaniC. Tympanic temperature measurement using an ear thermometer is a convenient and accurate method for assessing temperature in children, including toddlers.

B. Oral: Oral temperature measurement using a digital thermometer placed under the tongue is a commonly used method for children who can cooperate with the procedure and keep the

thermometer in their mouth.

C. Axillary: Axillary temperature measurement using a thermometer placed in the armpit is a non-invasive method suitable for children who cannot cooperate with oral or tympanic

measurements or when rectal measurement is contraindicated.

D. Rectal: Rectal temperature measurement is generally considered the most accurate method for assessing temperature in infants and young children, especially when accuracy is critical.

However, it may be less appropriate in the emergency department setting due to its invasive nature and potential discomfort for the child, especially in cases of diarrhea or vomiting where rectal temperature measurement may be difficult or impractical.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A Jewish male. While certain genetic factors may predispose individuals to hypertension, ethnicity or religious affiliation alone is not a direct risk factor for hypertension. Screening for hypertension should be based on individual risk factors and not solely on ethnicity or religion.

B. A white male. While hypertension can affect individuals of any race or ethnicity, it is less prevalent among white populations compared to African-American populations. However, hypertension can still occur in white males, especially if they have other risk factors such as obesity, family history, or unhealthy lifestyle habits.

C. An African-American male. African-American individuals, particularly males, have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Genetic predisposition, as well as socio-economic factors and healthcare disparities, contribute to this increased risk.

Therefore, it is important to screen African-American males for hypertension, starting from adolescence, to ensure early detection and management.

D. An Asian female. While hypertension can affect individuals of Asian descent, the prevalence is generally lower compared to other racial and ethnic groups such as African-Americans. However, certain subgroups within the Asian population, such as South Asians, may have higher rates of hypertension due to genetic and lifestyle factors. Screening for hypertension should be based on individual risk factors rather than broad racial or ethnic categories.

A. Use of car seats and other safety measures B. Use of supplements and vitamins C. Prenatal and perinatal histories D. The child's race and ethnicity E. The child's toileting habits

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A. The use of car seats and other safety measures is crucial for the child's safety and is a standard part of a functional history to ensure that the child is being protected from common household and travel-related injuries.

B. The use of supplements and vitamins can significantly impact a child's health, especially at a developmental age, and should be monitored and recorded.

C. Prenatal and perinatal histories are typically reviewed during initial visits and not necessarily part of a routine functional history for a 2-year-old unless there are ongoing health issues related to birth.

D. The child's race and ethnicity are important for demographic data but are not typically part of a functional history unless there are specific cultural practices or genetic predispositions that affect the child's health.

E. The child's toileting habits are an important aspect of their development and daily functioning, and changes or issues in this area can indicate health concerns.

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A mother brings her 3-year-old daughter to the emergency department because the child has been vomiting and having diarrhea for the past 36 hours. When assessing this child'stemperature, which method would be least appropriate?

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Correct Answer is C

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

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