A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse's best response to this observation?

"This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is black or green."

"This is normal behavior for infants due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system."

"This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry."

"This indicates a blockage in the intestine and must be reported to the health care provider."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is black or green.": While black or green stools may indicate potential issues, grunting and crying during bowel movements are common behaviors in infants and are not necessarily indicative of a problem.

B. "This is normal behavior for infants due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system.": Grunting and crying during bowel movements are typical behaviors in infants, especially during the first few months of life. This is because the infant's gastrointestinal system is still developing and they may have difficulty coordinating their muscles to pass stool smoothly.

C. "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry.": While hard and dry stools may indicate constipation, grunting and crying during bowel movements can still be normal behaviors in infants, regardless of the consistency of the stool.

D. "This indicates a blockage in the intestine and must be reported to the health care provider.": Grunting and crying during bowel movements are not necessarily indicative of a blockage in the intestine. These behaviors are common in infants and usually resolve as the infant's gastrointestinal system matures.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is a continuous process that begins during fetal development and continues through childhood and adolescence. While significant myelination

occurs during infancy and toddlerhood, it is not complete by 24 months. However, substantial progress in myelination does occur during the toddler years, contributing to the development of motor and cognitive skills.

B. Alveoli reach adult numbers by 3 years of age. This statement is incorrect. Alveoli continue to develop and increase in number after birth, reaching adult numbers around adolescence, not by 3 years of age.

C. Urine output in a toddler typically averages approximately 30 mL/hour. This statement is incorrect. Toddlers typically have higher urine output rates than adults due to their smaller

bladder capacity and higher metabolic rate. The average urine output for a toddler is around 1-2 mL/kg/hour, which varies depending on factors such as hydration status and activity level.

D. Toddlers typically have strong abdominal muscles by the age of 2. This statement is incorrect. While toddlers may develop some abdominal muscle strength through activities such as walking and climbing, their muscle tone and strength are still developing and may not be as strong as in older children or adults.

A. Displays of animism B. Understanding of opposites C. Use of active imaginations D. Beginning questioning of parents' values

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Displays of animism: Animism, attributing life-like qualities to inanimate objects, is a typical characteristic of the preoperational stage as children develop symbolic thinking.

B. Understanding of opposites: The ability to understand opposites, such as big/small, hot/cold, is a cognitive milestone of the preoperational stage as children develop classification skills.

C. Use of active imaginations: Pretend play and active imaginations are hallmark features of the preoperational stage, reflecting children's growing ability to engage in symbolic thought and fantasy play.

D. Beginning questioning of parents' values: Piaget's preoperational stage, which typically occurs between ages 2 and 7, is characterized by significant cognitive development, including language acquisition, symbolic thinking, and the ability to engage in pretend play. While children in this stage may question certain aspects of their environment and beliefs, they are less likely to engage in sophisticated questioning of abstract concepts like parental values.

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A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse's best response to this observation?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is describing the maturation of various organ systems during toddlerhood to the parents. What would the nurse correctly include in this description?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which activity would the nurse least likely include as exemplifying the preconceptual phase of Piaget's preoperational stage?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse's best response to this observation?

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