A home care nurse is making a follow-up visit with a client who has COPD and is using a compressed oxygen system in his home.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Choice A rationale:

Maintaining eye contact with the newborn during feedings is a general caregiving practice and is not specific to managing neonatal abstinence syndrome. While eye contact and bonding are important for newborns, it does not address the symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Choice B rationale:

Swaddling the newborn with his legs extended is not a specific action for managing neonatal abstinence syndrome. However, swaddling can provide comfort to some infants, but the positioning of the legs is not directly related to managing symptoms of withdrawal.

Choice C rationale:

Administering naloxone to the newborn is not a standard practice for managing neonatal abstinence syndrome. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose in adults and is not typically used in newborns unless there are specific indications, which are rare.

Choice A rationale:

The anterior fontanel is open in an 8-month-old infant. The anterior fontanel, located at the top of the baby's head where the skull bones have not yet fused, typically closes between 12 to 18 months of age. It is a normal finding in an 8-month-old infant.

Choice B rationale:

The posterior fontanel closes earlier than the anterior fontanel, usually within the first few months of life. It is a smaller diamond-shaped area located at the back of the baby's head. It is not expected to be open in an 8-month-old infant.

Choice C rationale:

Molding refers to the shaping of the fetal head during passage through the birth canal. It can cause temporary changes in the shape of the baby's skull. By 8 months of age, molding is not an expected finding as the skull bones have had time to return to their normal shape.

Choice D rationale:

Both fontanels being the same size is not a typical finding. The anterior fontanel is larger than the posterior fontanel, and their sizes are proportional. Any significant deviation from this proportion could indicate abnormal skull development and should be further assessed.