A client with cognitive deficits is extremely suicidal and has not responded to antidepressants. The treatment team is considering electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Which client information would impact the feasibility of this treatment option?

Because of the client's cognitive deficits, a signed consent is waived.

Because informed consent is required for ECT, cognitive deficits could preclude this option.

Because the client is extremely suicidal, ECT is an appropriate option.

Because antidepressant medications have been ineffective, ECT is a good alternative.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:

Informed consent is a critical component of many medical treatments, including ECT. It involves the patient's understanding and agreement to the procedure after being fully informed of the risks, benefits, and alternatives. Cognitive deficits can impair a patient's ability to provide informed consent, but they do not automatically waive the requirement for such consent. In fact, additional safeguards are often put in place to protect the rights of individuals with cognitive impairments.

Choice B reason:

ECT is a medical procedure that requires informed consent due to the potential risks and side effects associated with it. If a client has cognitive deficits severe enough to impact their decision-making capacity, they may not be able to provide informed consent. In such cases, treatment options would need to be reconsidered, and alternative methods of obtaining consent, such as through a legal guardian or a court order, might be necessary.

Choice C reason:

While it is true that ECT is considered an effective treatment for severe depression and suicidality, the decision to use ECT should not be based solely on these criteria². The ability of the client to understand and consent to the treatment is also a crucial factor. Therefore, the extremity of the client's suicidal ideation alone does not make ECT automatically the appropriate option without considering the consent issue.

Choice D reason:

ECT is indeed an alternative treatment when antidepressant medications have been ineffective, especially in cases of severe depression and suicidality². However, the effectiveness of ECT does not negate the need for informed consent. The client's cognitive ability to provide consent remains a determining factor in the feasibility of ECT as a treatment option.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A: Hyperventilation

Hyperventilation is rapid breathing that usually occurs because of anxiety or panic. This leads to low levels of carbon dioxide in your blood which causes a number of symptoms. Hyperventilation in anxiety can be a tricky thing to understand. On one hand, it can feel like you're suffocating or not getting enough air. On the other hand, hyperventilation can also cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and lightheadedness.

Choice B: Irritability

Irritability is a common symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Individuals with GAD often experience severe feelings of fear and unease and report feeling restless and irritable that interfere with the quality of their life.

Choice C: Anorexia

While there is a relationship between anxiety disorders and anorexia nervosa, anorexia is not a common symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Anorexia nervosa is a separate disorder that involves a fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.

Choice D: Insomnia

Insomnia is highly prevalent in psychiatric disorders, and it has significant implications. The anxiety that characterizes GAD often interferes with the ability to sleep and leads to insomnia. This is not unexpected. Anxiety might be viewed as an inappropriate escalation of a response called arousal.

Choice E: Fatigue

Fatigue is a common symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Individuals with GAD may feel restless and have trouble relaxing. They may also tire easily or feel tired all the time.

A. Risperidone (Risperdal) to address the positive symptom. B. Haloperidol (Haldol) to address the negative symptom. C. Clonazepam (Klonopin) to address the positive symptom. D. Clozapine (Clozaril) to address the negative symptom.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication commonly used to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations or delusions.

Choice B reason: Haloperidol can be used to treat positive symptoms, but it is not as commonly used as risperidone due to its side effect profile.

Choice C reason: Clonazepam is typically used for anxiety or seizure disorders and is not the primary medication for treating schizophrenia symptoms.

Choice D reason: Clozapine is often reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and is used to treat both positive and negative symptoms, but it is not the first-line treatment due to its potential side effects.

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A client with cognitive deficits is extremely suicidal and has not responded to antidepressants. The treatment team is considering electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Which client information would impact the feasibility of this treatment option?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A college student has been diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Which of the following symptoms should a campus nurse expect this client to exhibit? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A client diagnosed with Schizophrenia is slow to respond and appears to be listening to unseen others. Which medication should the nurse expect a physician to order to address this type of symptom?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is planning the type of approach that will be most effective in developing a therapeutic relationship with the client. With which types of personality disorders should the nurse use a matter-of-fact approach? (Select all that apply)

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