A nurse in a mental health clinic is assessing a client who was brought in by her adult daughter stating that her mother has not been able to leave her home for weeks because she is afraid to be outdoors alone.
The nurse should anticipate planning care for managing which of the following phobias?
Agoraphobia
Xenophobia
Mysophobia
Aerophobia.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Agoraphobia: This choice directly aligns with the client's presentation of being afraid to leave her home alone. Agoraphobia is a specific phobia characterized by an intense fear of situations that the individual perceives as inescapable or that might potentially lead to panic or embarrassment. Common triggers for agoraphobic individuals include crowded spaces, open spaces, public transportation, or being alone outside of the home. The client's inability to leave her home for weeks due to fear is a classic symptom of agoraphobia.
B. Xenophobia: This choice refers to the fear of strangers or foreigners. While the client may experience anxiety in unfamiliar situations, the primary focus of her fear is being outdoors alone rather than encountering unfamiliar people. Additionally, the daughter's description of the client's fear specifically mentions being alone, further supporting agoraphobia as the more likely diagnosis.
C. Mysophobia: This choice refers to an extreme or obsessive fear of germs or contamination. While anxiety related to cleanliness could coexist with agoraphobia, the primary presenting complaint in this case is the fear of being outdoors, not specifically germs or contamination.
D. Aerophobia: This choice refers to the fear of flying or being in high places. There is no indication in the scenario that the client's fear is specifically related to heights or flying, making this choice less likely.
Therefore, based on the specific nature of the client's fear and the limited information provided, agoraphobia is the most probable diagnosis and the one the nurse should anticipate planning care for.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","F"]
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that is characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. It is associated with an increased risk of suicide, with estimates suggesting that up to 10% of individuals with schizophrenia will die by suicide.
Several factors contribute to the increased risk of suicide in individuals with schizophrenia, including:
Hopelessness and despair: Individuals with schizophrenia often experience profound feelings of hopelessness and despair, which can lead to suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Psychotic symptoms: Psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, can also contribute to suicide risk. For example, an individual with schizophrenia may experience auditory hallucinations that command them to harm themselves.
Impaired judgment: Schizophrenia can impair an individual's judgment and decision-making abilities, which can make it more difficult for them to resist suicidal urges.
Social isolation: Individuals with schizophrenia often experience social isolation, which can further increase their risk of suicide.
Comorbidity with other mental disorders: Schizophrenia is often comorbid with other mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, which can also increase suicide risk.
Substance abuse: Substance abuse is a common problem among individuals with schizophrenia, and it can further increase suicide risk.
Choice C rationale:
Alcohol use disorder is a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive alcohol use, despite harmful consequences. It is a significant risk factor for suicide, with studies suggesting that individuals with alcohol use disorder are 10-14 times more likely to die by suicide than the general population.
Several factors contribute to the increased risk of suicide in individuals with alcohol use disorder, including: Depression: Alcohol use disorder is often comorbid with depression, which is a major risk factor for suicide. Impulsivity: Alcohol can impair judgment and increase impulsivity, which can lead to suicidal behaviors.
Social isolation: Alcohol use disorder can lead to social isolation, which can increase suicide risk.
Access to lethal means: Individuals with alcohol use disorder may have access to lethal means, such as firearms, which can increase the risk of suicide completion.
Choice D rationale:
Substance use disorder is a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug use, despite harmful consequences. It is a significant risk factor for suicide, with studies suggesting that individuals with substance use disorder are 6-12 times more likely to die by suicide than the general population.
Several factors contribute to the increased risk of suicide in individuals with substance use disorder, including: Depression: Substance use disorder is often comorbid with depression, which is a major risk factor for suicide. Impulsivity: Substance use can impair judgment and increase impulsivity, which can lead to suicidal behaviors.
Hopelessness: Individuals with substance use disorder may experience feelings of hopelessness and despair, which can increase suicide risk.
Social isolation: Substance use disorder can lead to social isolation, which can increase suicide risk.
Access to lethal means: Individuals with substance use disorder may have access to lethal means, such as firearms, which can increase the risk of suicide completion.
Choice F rationale:
Age greater than 65 years old is a risk factor for suicide. Suicide rates are highest among older adults, particularly white men over the age of 85.
Several factors contribute to the increased risk of suicide in older adults, including:
Chronic health conditions: Older adults are more likely to experience chronic health conditions, such as pain, disability, and cognitive decline, which can increase suicide risk.
Social isolation: Older adults are more likely to experience social isolation due to factors such as retirement, loss of loved ones, and decreased mobility.
Loss of independence: Older adults may experience a loss of independence due to physical and cognitive decline, which can contribute to suicide risk.
Access to lethal means: Older adults may have access to lethal means, such as firearms or medications, which can increase the risk of suicide completion.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Suppression involves the conscious, intentional effort to push unwanted thoughts, feelings, or memories out of awareness. It is not evident in the client's statement, as they are not actively trying to forget or avoid their alcohol use. Instead, they are attempting to justify it.
Choice B Rationale:
Rationalization is the defense mechanism most clearly demonstrated in the client's statement. It involves creating false but seemingly logical reasons to justify unacceptable behavior or feelings. The client is attributing their alcohol use to external factors (their boss and job requirements) rather than taking responsibility for their own choices and actions. This allows them to avoid confronting the reality of their addiction and the need for change.
Key characteristics of rationalization that align with the client's statement:
Externalizing blame: The client places responsibility for their drinking on their boss and job, rather than acknowledging their own agency.
Minimizing the problem: The client suggests that their drinking was merely a necessary part of their job, downplaying the extent of their alcohol use and its negative consequences.
Avoiding negative emotions: By shifting blame, the client protects themselves from feelings of guilt, shame, and responsibility associated with their addiction.
Choice C Rationale:
Reaction formation involves behaving in a way that is opposite to one's true feelings or impulses. This is not evident in the client's statement, as they are not expressing overly negative or critical attitudes towards alcohol. Instead, they are attempting to justify their use of it.
Choice D Rationale:
Compensation involves overemphasizing a desirable trait or behavior to make up for a perceived weakness or deficiency. This is not evident in the client's statement, as they are not highlighting any positive qualities or accomplishments to offset their alcohol use.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.