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A nurse is planning care for a client who has dependent personality disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Set limits to prevent exploitation of other clients.

Monitor the client closely to prevent self-mutilation.

Give positive feedback when the client is assertive with staff or clients.

Discourage flamboyant or seductive behaviors.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The correct answer/s is:

C. Give positive feedback when the client is assertive with staff or clients.

Rationale for Choice A:

While setting limits is an important aspect of nursing care, it's not specifically targeted towards the core challenges of dependent personality disorder. The primary concern in this case is the client's excessive reliance on others and inability to function independently. Setting limits might be perceived as a rejection or abandonment, potentially exacerbating the client's distress and anxiety. Additionally, focusing on preventing the exploitation of other clients shifts the attention away from the client's individual needs and goals.

Rationale for Choice B:

While self-mutilation is a potential risk in some individuals with dependent personality disorder, it's not a defining characteristic or the most prevalent concern. Continuous close monitoring can be intrusive and undermine the client's sense of autonomy. It's more effective to build trust and establish open communication where the client feels comfortable expressing distress and seeking help before resorting to self-harm.

Rationale for Choice C:

Assertiveness is a key skill to cultivate in individuals with dependent personality disorder. It empowers them to express their needs and desires appropriately, reducing their reliance on others and fostering healthy relationships. Offering positive reinforcement when the client exhibits assertive behavior, even in small steps, strengthens this skill and motivates them to continue their progress. This positive reinforcement approach aligns with therapeutic interventions for dependent personality disorder, which focus on building self-confidence and fostering independent functioning.

Rationale for Choice D:

Discouraging flamboyant or seductive behaviors might seem relevant because some individuals with dependent personality disorder might resort to attention-seeking tactics. However, such an approach risks shaming or judging the client, potentially increasing their feelings of inadequacy and insecurity. It's important to understand the underlying reason behind these behaviors, which could be a desperate attempt to gain approval or validation. Addressing the core issue of low self-esteem and encouraging authentic self-expression are more productive strategies than simply suppressing certain behaviors.

Additional Notes:

In addition to the rationales for each choice, it's important to consider the overall treatment goals for dependent personality disorder. These goals typically include:

Reduced dependence on others: Encouraging the client to take responsibility for their own needs and decisions. Improved assertiveness skills: Enabling the client to express their wishes and opinions confidently.

Enhanced self-esteem: Building the client's confidence and sense of self-worth.

Developing healthy relationships: Fostering interactions based on mutual respect and independence.

When planning care for a client with dependent personality disorder, the nurse should collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as therapists and social workers, to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated approach.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Anxiety reduction is the core motivation for ritualistic behaviors in OCD. Individuals with OCD experience intrusive, distressing thoughts (obsessions) that trigger intense anxiety. To neutralize this anxiety, they engage in repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that provide temporary relief.

The relief is often short-lived, leading to a cycle of obsessions and compulsions. This cycle can become debilitating and significantly impair daily functioning.

Research supports the anxiety-reduction model of OCD. Studies have shown that engaging in compulsions reduces anxiety in individuals with OCD, both subjectively and physiologically.

Neuroimaging studies have also demonstrated that ritualistic behaviors activate brain regions involved in anxiety and fear processing. This suggests that compulsions have a direct effect on the brain's anxiety circuitry.

Choice B rationale:

Sexual satisfaction is not a typical motivation for ritualistic behaviors in OCD. While some compulsions may have a sexual component (e.g., checking for arousal), the primary goal is to reduce anxiety, not to achieve sexual gratification.

Choice C rationale:

Feelings of shame may be associated with OCD, but they are not the primary driving force behind ritualistic behaviors. Shame often arises from the content of obsessions (e.g., thoughts about contamination, harm, or taboo subjects) or the perceived social stigma of OCD. However, the urge to perform compulsions stems from the need to alleviate anxiety, not to decrease shame.

Choice D rationale:

Boosting self-esteem is not a common motivation for ritualistic behaviors in OCD. In fact, many individuals with OCD experience low self-esteem due to the impact of the disorder on their lives. Compulsions may provide a temporary sense of control or mastery, but they do not typically lead to lasting improvements in self-esteem.

A. Altered body image. B. Amenorrhea. C. Hyperactivity. D. Bradycardia. E. Verbalized desire to gain weight.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Altered body image is a hallmark feature of eating disorders. Individuals with eating disorders often have a distorted perception of their bodies, believing they are overweight or larger than they actually are. This distorted body image can lead to intense dissatisfaction with their appearance, even when they are underweight. They may engage in obsessive behaviors such as repeatedly checking their weight, measuring their body parts, and avoiding mirrors. They may also fixate on perceived flaws in their appearance, leading to significant distress and impairment in their daily lives.

Choice B rationale:

Amenorrhea, the absence of menstruation, is a common physiological consequence of eating disorders. It occurs due to hormonal imbalances caused by insufficient intake of calories and nutrients, particularly fat. The body requires a certain amount of body fat to maintain normal reproductive function. When body fat levels fall below a critical threshold, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that regulates hormone production, signals the pituitary gland to reduce the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones play crucial roles in ovulation and menstruation. Without adequate levels of FSH and LH, ovulation and menstruation do not occur.

Choice C rationale:

Hyperactivity, characterized by excessive energy and restlessness, can manifest in individuals with eating disorders. This increased activity level may be a way to burn calories or compensate for perceived overeating. It may also be a way to distract themselves from thoughts about food and body image. The hyperactivity can present in various forms, such as excessive exercise, fidgeting, or constant movement.

Choice D rationale:

Bradycardia, a slower-than-normal heart rate, is another physiological sign that can accompany eating disorders. It occurs as the body attempts to conserve energy in response to inadequate caloric intake. The heart rate slows down to minimize energy expenditure. Bradycardia can have serious health implications, including fatigue, dizziness, fainting spells, and potentially life- threatening heart arrhythmias.

Choice E rationale:

Verbalized desire to gain weight is not a typical manifestation of eating disorders. Individuals with eating disorders often have a strong fear of weight gain and a persistent drive for thinness. They may actively resist efforts to increase their weight, even when they are dangerously underweight.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who has dependent personality disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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