A client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD) presents to the emergency department with reports of a severe headache. Which of the following complications should the nurse expect?

Pancreatic cyst

Cerebral aneurysm

Renal calculus

Diverticulitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Pancreatic cysts can be associated with PKD but are not typically linked with severe headaches.

Choice B reason: Cerebral aneurysms are a known complication of PKD and can present with severe headaches if they leak or rupture.

Choice C reason: Renal calculi, or kidney stones, can cause pain but are not typically associated with headaches.

Choice D reason: Diverticulitis is a condition of the colon and would not be expected to cause headaches.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is Choice A

Choice A rationale: Headache and restlessness can be signs of a seizure or neurological disturbance, which phenytoin is used to treat. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication that helps control seizures by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing excitability.

Choice B rationale: Decreased blood pressure and rapid pulse are not indications for phenytoin administration. These symptoms may suggest hypotension or cardiovascular issues, which require different interventions such as fluid resuscitation or vasopressors.

Choice C rationale: Muscle cramps and chest heaviness are not treated with phenytoin. These symptoms could indicate electrolyte imbalances or cardiac issues, which need specific treatments like electrolyte replacement or cardiac monitoring.

Choice D rationale: Pain and tingling at the access site are not indications for phenytoin administration. These symptoms may suggest local irritation or infection at the dialysis access site, requiring appropriate wound care or antibiotics.

A. "This test will tell your doctor how your kidneys are functioning." B. "This test will tell if you have severe renal impairment or a disease." C. "We'll find out if any medications, such as steroids, are interfering with your kidney function." D. "You'll have to ask your doctor."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: The serum creatinine test measures the amount of creatinine in the blood and provides information about kidney function. Normal ranges for serum creatinine levels are 0.74 to 1.35 mg/dL for adult men and 0.59 to

1.04 mg/dL for adult women. This test is a common way to assess renal function and can indicate if the kidneys are not filtering waste eﬀectively.

Choice B reason: While a serum creatinine test can indicate severe renal impairment, it does not diagnose a specific disease. Further testing would be required to determine the presence of a particular renal disease.

Choice C reason: The serum creatinine test does not directly show if medications are aﬀecting kidney function. However, if a patient is on medications known to aﬀect the kidneys, such as certain steroids, changes in creatinine levels can suggest an impact on renal function.

Choice D reason: It is part of the nurse's role to provide information about tests and procedures. Telling a patient to ask the doctor does not oﬀer immediate support or information, which can be important for patient care and understanding.

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A client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD) presents to the emergency department with reports of a severe headache. Which of the following complications should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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