A client on a mental health unit develops flu-like symptoms and low blood pressure. After reviewing the client's history, it was noted that the client has a diagnosis of schizophrenia and is currently taking risperidone (Risperdal). The nurse should recognize that which of the following adverse effects may be occurring?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Tardive dyskinesia.
Acute dystonia.
Pseudoparkinsonism.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur as a severe adverse effect of antipsychotic medications, such as risperidone (Risperdal). Symptoms of NMS include flu-like symptoms (fever, muscle rigidity, and sweating) along with altered mental status, and autonomic dysregulation. It's crucial for the nurse to recognize this potentially fatal condition promptly and intervene appropriately.
Choice B rationale:
Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder that is often a result of long-term use of antipsychotic medications, but it is characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the face and other body parts. It doesn't typically present with flu-like symptoms or low blood pressure.
Choice C rationale:
Acute dystonia is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms, often involving the muscles of the face, neck, and back. It usually occurs shortly after starting antipsychotic treatment. While it can cause discomfort, it doesn't present with flu-like symptoms and low blood pressure as described in the scenario.
Choice D rationale:
Pseudoparkinsonism, also known as drug-induced parkinsonism, is characterized by symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and rigidity. It doesn't typically cause flu-like symptoms and low blood pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is D:
Choice A reason: “If a dose is missed, double the next dose of medication.” This statement is incorrect. Doubling up on a dose can lead to an overdose and serious side effects. Patients are advised to take the missed dose as soon as they remember unless it’s almost time for the next dose.
Choice B reason: “This medication may increase your blood pressure.” Alprazolam is known to have a sedative effect, which can lower blood pressure rather than increase it. Therefore, this statement is not typically accurate.
Choice C reason: “Do not eat aged cheeses while taking this medication.” This dietary restriction is associated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which are a different class of medications used to treat depression. Alprazolam does not interact with tyramine-rich foods like aged cheeses, so this statement is not applicable.
Choice D reason: “Use a dependable form of contraception while taking this medication.” Alprazolam falls under FDA Pregnancy Category D, which means there is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite the risks. Therefore, it is important to use reliable contraception to prevent pregnancy while taking this medication.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Impulsive behaviors, such as sudden excessive spending, risky sexual encounters, or reckless driving, are common manifestations of manic behavior in individuals with bipolar disorder. These behaviors can result from the heightened energy and impulsivity associated with a manic episode.
Choice B rationale:
Dressing in black or grey clothing is not indicative of manic behavior. Mania is characterized by heightened mood, excessive energy, and impulsivity, rather than specific clothing choices.
Choice C rationale:
Talking in rapid, continuous speech, also known as pressured speech, is a classic symptom of manic episodes. Individuals may talk rapidly, switch topics frequently, and have difficulty allowing others to interject or participate in the conversation.
Choice D rationale:
Interacting with others in a flirtatious way can be a manifestation of manic behavior. During manic episodes, individuals may exhibit increased sociability, reduced inhibitions, and engage in behaviors that are out of character, including flirtatious interactions.
Choice E rationale:
Sleeping for long periods of time is not consistent with manic behavior. Manic episodes are often associated with decreased need for sleep, and individuals may experience insomnia or only require minimal sleep during these episodes.
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