A client is to receive enteral nutrition. Which information should the nurse provide to the client and family? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Vomiting results in loss of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from the stomach, leading to a loss of chloride ions (Cl-) and hydrogen ions (H+) from the body. This loss of hydrogen ions can result in an accumulation of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) relative to hydrogen ions, leading to metabolic alkalosis. Therefore, this client is at risk for developing metabolic alkalosis due to prolonged vomiting.
B. Client who has had diarrhea for the past 24 hours: Diarrhea leads to loss of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) from the body along with fluid and electrolytes. However, metabolic alkalosis is less likely to occur with diarrhea alone because the loss of bicarbonate ions is usually balanced by the loss of chloride ions (Cl-) and hydrogen ions (H+). Therefore, while diarrhea can lead to metabolic acidosis in some cases, it is less likely to cause metabolic alkalosis.
C. Client who has overdosed on heroin: Heroin overdose is not directly associated with metabolic alkalosis. In the context of heroin overdose, respiratory depression leading to respiratory acidosis is a more immediate concern. Therefore, this client is not at risk for developing metabolic alkalosis due to heroin overdose.
D. Client who is admitted with an asthma exacerbation: Asthma exacerbation can lead to respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation and excessive elimination of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. However, metabolic alkalosis is not a typical consequence of asthma exacerbation alone. Therefore, while this client may experience respiratory alkalosis, they are not at risk for developing metabolic alkalosis solely due to asthma exacerbation.

A. It's essential for nurses caring for dying patients to be comfortable with their own feelings about death and dying. Being comfortable with mortality allows nurses to provide compassionate care, support families, and engage in end-of-life discussions with patients. Nurses who are comfortable with their own feelings about death are better equipped to provide holistic care and support to dying patients and their families.
B. Hospice services focus on providing comfort and support to terminally ill patients and their families during the end-of-life journey. While hospice services are often beneficial and recommended for patients approaching the end of life, preferences vary among individuals and families. Some patients may choose to receive hospice care, while others may prefer to remain at home with palliative care support or receive care in a hospital or long-term care facility.
C. While some patients may experience pain as death nears, it is not necessarily true that "most" deaths are accompanied by significant pain. With advances in palliative care and pain management, many patients can experience a comfortable and peaceful death with effective symptom management.
D. Most people are not frightened to die if they have adequate information about what is happening: While adequate information and preparation can alleviate some fears about death, attitudes and responses to death vary widely among individuals. Some people may find comfort and acceptance in understanding the dying process and what to expect, while others may still experience fear, anxiety, or uncertainty regardless of the information provided.